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SETI (Search for E.T. Intelligence) – IELTS Reading

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Đề đọc IELTS Reading “SETI (Search for E.T. Intelligence)” – SETI (Cuộc tìm kiếm trí thông minh ngoài Trái Đất). Gồm 13 câu (chọn tiêu đề đoạn, điền từ…

IELTS Academic Reading 13 câu hỏi

Cách làm bài

Chọn tiêu đề đoạn (headings)

  • Tiêu đề mô tả Ý CHÍNH của cả đoạn, không phải một chi tiết nhỏ trong đoạn.
  • Đọc câu đầu và câu cuối đoạn trước — ý chính thường nằm ở đó; đọc lướt phần giữa để xác nhận.
  • Loại các tiêu đề chỉ đúng một phần hoặc chỉ nhắc tới một ví dụ trong đoạn.

Điền từ (completion)

  • Tuân thủ giới hạn số từ của đề (ví dụ “NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS”). Vượt quá là sai.
  • Chép chính xác từ trong bài, đúng chính tả và đúng dạng (số ít/nhiều, thì).
  • Dự đoán LOẠI TỪ cần điền (danh từ, động từ, số…) dựa vào ngữ pháp của chỗ trống trước khi tìm.

True / False / Not Given (theo thông tin bài)

  • TRUE = đúng với thông tin trong bài; FALSE = trái ngược/không thể đúng cùng lúc với bài; NOT GIVEN = bài không cung cấp thông tin.
  • Câu hỏi đi theo thứ tự đoạn văn — định vị bằng từ khóa rồi đối chiếu từng chi tiết.
  • Cảnh giác từ tuyệt đối (all, only, never, always): chỉ cần một chi tiết lệch là FALSE.
  • Không suy diễn bằng kiến thức ngoài bài — chỉ dựa vào những gì đoạn văn viết ra.

Chung

  • Không đọc kỹ toàn bài trước — đọc lướt lấy ý, rồi dùng câu hỏi dẫn đường (scan/skim).
  • Quản lý thời gian: mỗi bài đọc ~20 phút. Câu khó thì đánh dấu, làm tiếp rồi quay lại.

SETI (Search for E.T. Intelligence)

A. Space aliens and extraterrestrials have long been popular subjects of Hollywood movies and science fiction literature. But the idea of intelligent life in outer space is no longer limited to fiction. For the last 50 years, scientists and astronomers have been training their telescopes into space in the search for signs of intelligent life. Frank Drake is a trailblazer in that quest. The question of whether we are alone in the Universe has haunted humanity for centuries, but we may now stand poised on the brink of the answer to that question, as we search for radio signals from other intelligent civilizations. This search, often known by the acronym SETI (search for extra-terrestrial intelligence), is a difficult one. Although groups around the world have been searching intermittently for three decades, it is only now that we have reached the level of technology where we can make a determined attempt to search all nearby stars for any sign of life.

B. In discussing whether we are alone, most SETI scientists adopt two ground rules. First, UFOs (Unidentified Flying Objects) are generally ignored since most scientists do not consider the evidence for them to be strong enough to bear serious consideration (although it is also important to keep an open mind in case any really convincing evidence emerges in the future). Second, we make a very conservative assumption that we are looking for a life form that is pretty well like us, since if it differs radically from us we may well not recognise it as a life form, quite apart from whether we are able to communicate with it. In other words, the life form we are looking for may well have two green heads and seven fingers, but it will nevertheless resemble us in that it should communicate with its fellows, be interested in the Universe, live on a planet orbiting a star like our Sun, and perhaps most restrictively, have a chemistry, like us, based on carbon and water. We therefore feel that a discriminating search for signals deserves a considerable effort. The probability of success is difficult to estimate; but if we never search, the chance of success is zero.

C. Even when we make these assumptions, our understanding of other life forms is still severely limited. We do not even know, for example, how many stars have planets, and we certainly do not know how likely it is that life will arise naturally, given the right conditions. However, when we look at the 100 billion stars in our galaxy (the Milky Way), and 100 billion galaxies in the observable Universe, it seems inconceivable that at least one of these planets does not have a life form on it; in fact, the best educated guess we can make, using the little that we do know about the conditions for carbon-based life, leads us to estimate that perhaps one in 100,000 stars might have a life-bearing planet orbiting it. That means that our nearest neighbours are perhaps 100 light years away, which is almost next door in astronomical terms.

D. An alien civilisation could choose many different ways of sending information across the galaxy, but many of these either require too much energy, or else are severely attenuated while traversing the vast distances across the galaxy. It turns out that, for a given amount of transmitted power, radio waves in the frequency range 1000 to 3000 MHz travel the greatest distance, and so all searches to date have concentrated on looking for radio waves in this frequency range. So far there have been a number of searches by various groups around the world, including Australian searches using the radio telescope at Parkes, New South Wales. Until now there have not been any detections from the few hundred stars which have been searched. The scale of the searches has been increased dramatically since 1992, when the US Congress voted NASA $10 million per year for several years to conduct a thorough search for extra-terrestrial life. Much of the money in this project is being spent on developing the special hardware needed to search many frequencies at once. The project has two parts. One part is a targeted search using the world’s largest radio telescopes, the American-operated telescope in Arecibo, Puerto Rico and the French telescope in Nancy in France. This part of the project is searching the nearest 1000 likely stars with high sensitivity for signals in the frequency range 1000 to 3000 MHz. The other part of the project is an undirected search which is monitoring all of space with a lower sensitivity, using the smaller antennas of NASA’s Deep Space Network.

E. There is considerable debate over how we should react if we detect a signal from an alien civilisation. Everybody agrees that we should not reply immediately. Quite apart from the impracticality of sending a reply over such large distances at short notice, it raises a host of ethical questions that would have to be addressed by the global community before any reply could be sent. Would the human race face the culture shock if faced with a superior and much older civilisation? Luckily, there is no urgency about this. The stars being searched are hundreds of light years away, so it takes hundreds of years for their signal to reach us, and a further few hundred years for our reply to reach them. It’s not important, then, if there’s a delay of a few years, or decades, while the human race debates the question of whether to reply, and perhaps carefully drafts a reply.

Questions 14–17

Reading Passage 2 has five paragraphs, A–E. Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B–E from the list below. Write the correct number, i–x, in boxes 14–17 on your answer sheet.

i. Seeking the radio signals coming from other planets ii. Technical difficulty in replying a short notice immediately iii. The best strategies of responding to signals from other civilisations iv. Enormous distances to our planet’s closest neighbours v. The expected and established assumptions underlying the search vi. The search for extra-terrestrial intelligence vii. Significances for the seeking for extra-terrestrial intelligence viii. Knowledge of extra-terrestrial life forms ix. Likelihood of extra-terrestrial life-forms on other planets x. Financial investment into a field that seems no return
14

Paragraph B

15

Paragraph C

16

Paragraph D

17

Paragraph E

Questions 18–20

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS and/or a number from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 18–20 on your answer sheet.

18

What is the life expectancy (in years) of Earth?

19

What kind of signals from other intelligent civilizations are SETI scientists searching for?

20

How many stars are the world’s most potent and enormous radio telescopes searching?

Questions 21–26

Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 2? Write TRUE, FALSE or NOT GIVEN in boxes 21–26 on your answer sheet.

21

Alien civilizations may help humans cope with serious problems.

22

SETI scientists are trying to find a life form that resembles humans in many ways.

23

The Americans and Australians have joined together into cooperative research projects.

24

Signals from several stars have already been obtained by SETI scientists.

25

The NASA project was bombarded with criticism from some members of Congress.

26

If human beings receive a signal from outer space, it would be important to respond as swiftly as possible.

Từ vựng 32 từ

  • /ˌɛk.strə.təˈres.tri.əl/
    Ngoài Trái Đất
  • /ˌsɪv.ə.lɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/
    Nền văn minh
  • /ɪnˈtel.ɪ.dʒəns/
    Trí tuệ
  • /ˈreɪ.di.oʊ/
    Vô tuyến
  • /ˈsɪɡ.nəl/
    Tín hiệu
  • /ˈfriː.kwən.si/
    Tần số
  • /ˈtel.ɪ.skoʊp/
    Kính viễn vọng
  • /dɪˈtɛk.ʃən/
    Sự phát hiện
  • /əˈsʌmp.ʃən/
    Giả định
  • /kənˈsɜː.və.tɪv/
    Thận trọng
  • /ˈkɛm.ɪ.stri/
    Hóa học
  • /ˈkɑːr.bən/
    Cacbon
  • /ˈwɔː.tər/
    Nước
  • /ˈreɪ.di.oʊ ˈtel.ɪ.skoʊp/
    Kính viễn vọng vô tuyến
  • /ˈnæs.ə/
    NASA
  • /reɪndʒ/
    Phạm vi
  • Attenuation /əˌtenˈweɪ.ʃən/ mở rộng
    Sự suy hao
  • /ˈpaʊər/
    Công suất
  • /ˈɛn.ər.dʒi/
    Năng lượng
  • /ˈɡæl.ək.si/
    Thiên hà
  • /əbˈzɜː.və.bəl/
    Có thể quan sát
  • /ˌprɒb.əˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/
    Xác suất
  • /ˈneɪ.bər/
    Lân cận
  • /ˈbɪl.jən/
    Tỷ (một số lớn)
  • Detection Technology /dɪˈtɛk.ʃən tɛkˈnɒl.ə.dʒi/ mở rộng
    Công nghệ phát hiện
  • /ˌæs.trəˈnɒm.ɪ.kəl/
    Thiên văn học
  • /ˈreɪ.di.oʊ ˈsɪɡ.nəl/
    Tín hiệu vô tuyến
  • Instrument /ˈɪn.strə.mənt/ mở rộng
    Dụng cụ
  • Survey /ˈsɜː.veɪ/ mở rộng
    Khảo sát
  • /ˈhɑːd.wɛər/
    Phần cứng
  • Broadcast /ˈbrɔːd.kæst/ mở rộng
    Truyền sóng
  • Protocol /ˈprəʊ.tə.kɒl/ mở rộng
    Giao thức

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