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History of Farmers Trading Company – IELTS Reading

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Đề đọc IELTS Reading “History of Farmers Trading Company” – Lịch sử của Công ty Thương mại Farmers. Gồm 13 câu (đoạn chứa thông tin, điền từ, nối thông tin)…

IELTS Academic Reading 13 câu hỏi

Cách làm bài

Đoạn nào chứa thông tin (which paragraph)

  • Đây là câu tìm thông tin cụ thể — KHÔNG theo thứ tự đoạn, nên phải quét toàn bài.
  • Một đoạn có thể là đáp án cho nhiều câu; hãy dựa vào nội dung, đừng loại đoạn quá sớm.
  • Định vị bằng từ khóa/từ đồng nghĩa của câu hỏi thay vì đọc kỹ tuần tự từng chữ.

Điền từ (completion)

  • Tuân thủ giới hạn số từ của đề (ví dụ “NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS”). Vượt quá là sai.
  • Chép chính xác từ trong bài, đúng chính tả và đúng dạng (số ít/nhiều, thì).
  • Dự đoán LOẠI TỪ cần điền (danh từ, động từ, số…) dựa vào ngữ pháp của chỗ trống trước khi tìm.

Nối (matching)

  • Đọc kỹ vế/đề đã cho, tìm trong bài đoạn nói cùng nội dung — đáp án thường được diễn đạt lại bằng từ đồng nghĩa.
  • Với nối phần kết câu: ghép sao cho câu hoàn chỉnh vừa đúng NGHĨA vừa đúng NGỮ PHÁP.
  • Loại trừ dần các lựa chọn đã dùng; đọc lướt cả danh sách trước khi quyết định để tránh chọn trùng.

Chung

  • Không đọc kỹ toàn bài trước — đọc lướt lấy ý, rồi dùng câu hỏi dẫn đường (scan/skim).
  • Quản lý thời gian: mỗi bài đọc ~20 phút. Câu khó thì đánh dấu, làm tiếp rồi quay lại.

History of Farmers Trading Company

A. History of Fanner trading company: In 1909 Robert Laidlaw establishes mail-order company Laidlaw Leeds in Fort Street, Auckland. Then, Branch expansion: purchase of Green and Colebrook chain store; further provincial stores in Auckland and Waikato to follow. Opening of first furniture and boot factory. In 1920, Company now has 29 branches; Whangarei store purchased. Doors open at Hobson Street for direct selling to public. The firm establishes London and New York buying offices. With permission from the Harbour Board, the large FARMERS electric sign on the Wyndham Street frontage is erected.

B. In 1935, if the merchandise has changed, the language of the catalogues hasn’t. Robert Laidlaw, the Scottish immigrant who established the century-old business, might have been scripting a modern-day television commercial when he told his earliest customers: Satisfaction, or your money back. “It was the first money back guarantee ever offered in New Zealand by any firm,” says Ian Hunter, business historian. “And his mission statement was, potentially, only the second one ever found in the world.” Laidlaw’s stated aims were simple: to build the greatest business in New Zealand, to simplify every transaction, to eliminate all delays, to only sell goods it would pay the customer to buy.

C. This year, the company that began as a mail-order business and now employs 3500 staff across 58 stores turns 100. Its centenary will be celebrated with the release of a book and major community fundraising projects, to be announced next week. Hunter, who is writing the centenary history, says “coming to a Farmers store once a week was a part of the New Zealand way of life”. By 1960, one in every 10 people had an account with the company. It was the place where teenage girls shopped for their first bra, where newlyweds purchased their first dinner sets, where first pay cheques were used to pay off hire purchase furniture, where Santa paraded every Christmas.

D. Gary Blumenthal’s mother shopped there, and so does he. The fondest memory for the Rotorua resident? “We were on holiday in Auckland… I decided that upon the lookout tower on top of the Farmers building would be a unique place to fit the ring on my new fiancée’s finger.” The lovebirds, who had to wait for “an annoying youth” to leave the tower before they could enjoy their engagement kiss, celebrate their 50th wedding anniversary in June.

E. Farmers, says Hunter, has always had a heart. This, from a 1993 North & South interview with a former board chairman, Rawdon Busfield: “One day I was in the Hobson Street shop and I saw a woman with two small children. They were clean and tidily dressed, but poor, you could tell. That week we had a special on a big bar of chocolate for one shilling. I heard the woman say to her boy, ‘no, your penny won’t buy that’. He wasn’t wearing shoes. So I went up to the boy and said, ‘Son, have you got your penny?’ He handed it to me. It was hot—he’d had it in his hand for hours. I took the penny and gave him the chocolate.”

F. Farmers was once the home of genteel tearooms, children’s playgrounds and an annual sale of celebration for the birthday of Hector the Parrot (the store mascot died, aged 131, in the 1970s—his stuffed remains still occupy pride of place at the company’s head office). You could buy houses from Farmers. Its saddle factory supplied the armed forces, and its upright grand overstrung pianos offered “the acme of value” according to those early catalogues hand-drawn by Robert Laidlaw himself. Walk through a Farmers store today and get hit by bright lights and big brands. Its Albany branch houses 16 international cosmetics companies. It buys from approximately 500 suppliers, and about 30% of those are locally owned.

G. “Eight, 10 years ago,” says current chief executive Rod McDermott, “lots of brands wouldn’t partner with us. The stores were quite distressed. We were first price point focused, we weren’t fashion focused.” Remove the rose-tinted nostalgia, and Farmers is, quite simply, a business, doing business in hard times. Dancing with the Stars presenter Candy Lane launches a clothing line? “We put a trial on, and we thought it was really lovely, but the uptake wasn’t what we thought it would be. It’s got to be what the customer wants,” says McDermott.

H. He acknowledges retailers suffer in a recession: “We’re celebrating 100 years because we can and because we should.” Farmers almost didn’t pull through one economic crisis. By the mid 1980s, it had stores across the country. It had acquired the South Island’s Calder Mackay chain of stores and bought out Haywrights. Then, with sales topping $375 million, it was taken over by Chase Corporation. Lincoln Laidlaw, now aged 88, and the son of the company’s founder, remembers the dark days following the stock market crash and the collapse of Chase. “I think, once, Farmers was like a big family and all of the people who worked for it felt they were building something which would ultimately be to their benefit and to the benefit of New Zealand… then the business was being divided up and so that kind of family situation was dispelled and it hasn’t been recovered.” For a turbulent few years, the stores were controlled, first by a consortium of Australian banks and later Deka, the Maori Development Corporation and Foodland Associated Ltd. In 2003, it went back to “family” ownership, with the purchase by the James Pascoe Group, owned by David and Anne Norman — the latter being the great-granddaughter of James Pascoe, whose first business interest was jewellery.

I. “Sheer power of the brand,” says McDermott, “pulled Farmers through and now we’re becoming the brand it used to be again.” Farmers was the company that, during World War II, topped up the wages of any staff member disadvantaged by overseas service. Robert Laidlaw—a committed Christian who came to his faith at a 1902 evangelistic service in Dunedin—concluded his original mission statement with the words, “all at it, always at it, wins success”. Next week, 58 Farmers stores across the country will announce the local charities they will raise funds for in their centenary celebration—everything from guide dog services to hospices to volunteer fire brigades will benefit. Every dollar raised by the community will be matched by the company. “It’s like the rebirth of an icon,” says McDermott.

Questions 1–5

The reading Passage has nine paragraphs A–I. Which paragraph contains the following information? Write the correct letter A–I in boxes 1–5 on your answer sheet.

1

Generosity offered in an occasion.

2

Innovation of offer made by the head of company.

3

Fashion was not its strong point.

4

A romantic event on the roof of farmers.

5

Farmers were sold to a private owned company.

Questions 6–10

Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage. Using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the Reading Passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 6–10 on your answer sheet.

6

Farmers was first founded as a (6) ____ in Auckland by Mr Laidlaw.

Farmers was first founded as a in Auckland by Mr Laidlaw.
7

Farmers developed fast and bought one (7) ____ then.

Farmers developed fast and bought one then.
8

During oversea expansion, Farmers set up (8) ____ in cities such as London.

During oversea expansion, Farmers set up in cities such as London.
9

Farmers held a (9) ____ once a year for the well-known parrot.

Farmers held a once a year for the well-known parrot.
10

In the opinion of Lincoln Laidlaw, Farmers is like a (10) ____ for employees, not just for themselves but for the whole country.

In the opinion of Lincoln Laidlaw, Farmers is like a for employees, not just for themselves but for the whole country.

Questions 11–13

Use the information in the passage to match the people (listed A–C) with opinions or deeds below. Write the appropriate letters A–C in boxes 11–13 on your answer sheet. NB: You may use any letter more than once.

A. Lincoln Laidlaw B. Rod McDermott C. Ian Hunter
11

Product became worse as wrong aspect focused.

12

An unprecedented statement made by Farmers in New Zealand.

13

Character of the company was changed.

Từ vựng 60 từ

  • /tʃeɪn stɔːr/
    Chuỗi cửa hàng
  • /buːt ˈfæk.tər.i/
    Nhà máy sản xuất giày ủng
  • /daɪˈrekt ˈsel.ɪŋ/
    Bán hàng trực tiếp
  • /ɪˈlek.trɪk saɪn/
    Bảng hiệu điện
  • Catalogue language /ˈkæt.əl.ɒɡ ˈlæŋ.ɡwɪdʒ/ mở rộng
    Ngôn ngữ dùng trong sách catalogue
  • /ˈmɜː.tʃən.daɪs/
    Hàng hóa
  • /ˈmʌn.i bæk ˌɡær.ənˈtiː/
    Đảm bảo hoàn tiền
  • /ˈmɪʃ.ən ˈsteɪt.mənt/
    Tuyên ngôn sứ mệnh
  • /senˈtiː.nər.i/
    Kỷ niệm 100 năm
  • /haɪər ˈpɜː.tʃəs ˈfɜː.nɪ.tʃər/
    Mua đồ nội thất trả góp
  • Santa parade /ˈsæn.tə pəˈreɪd/ mở rộng
    Diễu hành ông già Noel
  • /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ.mənt kɪs/
    Nụ hôn đính hôn
  • Shop floor /ʃɒp flɔːr/ mở rộng
    Khu vực bán hàng, sàn cửa hàng
  • Generosity gesture /ˌdʒen.əˈrɒs.ə.ti ˈdʒes.tʃər/ mở rộng
    Hành động hào phóng
  • /dʒenˈtiːl ˈtɪə.ruːmz/
    Phòng trà trang nhã
  • /stʌft rɪˈmeɪnz/
    Xác nhồi bông (động vật)
  • /praɪd əv pleɪs/
    Vị trí trang trọng
  • /ˈsæd.əl ˈfæk.tər.i/
    Nhà máy sản xuất yên (ngựa)
  • /ɑːmd ˈfɔː.sɪz/
    Lực lượng vũ trang
  • /ˈʌp.raɪt ɡrænd ˌəʊ.vəˈstrʌŋ piˈæn.əʊ/
    Dòng piano đứng kiểu grand overstrung
  • /ˈæk.mi əv ˈvæl.juː/
    Giá trị tột đỉnh
  • Bright lights, big brands /braɪt laɪts, bɪɡ brændz/ mở rộng
    Đèn sáng, thương hiệu lớn
  • /ˈləʊ.kəl.i əʊnd/
    Sở hữu trong nước
  • /praɪs pɔɪnt ˈfəʊ.kəst/
    Tập trung vào giá bán
  • /ˈdɑːn.sɪŋ wɪð ðə stɑːrz/
    Chương trình “Dancing with the Stars”
  • /prɪˈzen.tər ˈkæn.di leɪn/
    Người dẫn chương trình Candy Lane
  • /rɪˈseʃ.ən/
    Suy thoái kinh tế
  • /ˌiː.kəˈnɒm.ɪk ˈkraɪ.sɪs/
    Khủng hoảng kinh tế
  • /mɪd ˌnaɪn.tiːn ˈeɪ.tiz/
    Giữa thập niên 1980
  • /stɒk ˈmɑː.kɪt kræʃ/
    Sụp đổ thị trường chứng khoán
  • /ˈfæm.əl.i ˈəʊ.nə.ʃɪp/
    Sở hữu gia đình
  • /dʒeɪmz ˈpæs.kəʊ ɡruːp/
    Tập đoàn James Pascoe
  • /kəˈmɪt.ɪd ˈkrɪs.tʃən/
    Tín đồ Cơ đốc giáo tận tâm
  • /mætʃt baɪ ðə ˈkʌm.pə.ni/
    Công ty đóng góp tương ứng
  • /ɡaɪd dɒɡ ˈsɜː.vɪsɪz/
    Dịch vụ chó dẫn đường
  • /ˌvɒl.ənˈtɪər faɪər brɪˈɡeɪdz/
    Đội cứu hỏa tình nguyện
  • /ˌriːˈbɜːθ əv ən ˈaɪ.kɒn/
    Sự hồi sinh của một biểu tượng
  • Hobson Street store /ˈhɒb.sən striːt stɔːr/ mở rộng
    Cửa hàng Hobson Street
  • /ˈfɒn.dɪst ˈmem.ər.i/
    Kỷ niệm đẹp nhất
  • /senˈtiː.nər.i ˌsel.əˈbreɪ.ʃən/
    Lễ kỷ niệm 100 năm
  • Rebuilding brand power /ˌriːˈbɪldɪŋ brænd paʊər/ mở rộng
    Xây dựng lại sức mạnh thương hiệu
  • /ˈskɒt.ɪʃ ˈɪm.ɪ.ɡrənt/
    Người nhập cư gốc Scotland
  • /əˈrɪdʒ.ən.əl ˈmɪʃ.ən ˈsteɪt.mənt/
    Tuyên ngôn sứ mệnh ban đầu
  • /ˌɡreɪtˈɡræn.dɔː.tər/
    Chắt gái
  • /ˈkɔːl.dər məˈkeɪ tʃeɪn/
    Chuỗi cửa hàng Calder Mackay
  • /heɪ.raɪts/
    Tên thương hiệu Haywrights
  • /tʃeɪs ˌkɔː.pərˈeɪ.ʃən/
    Tập đoàn Chase
  • /dɑːk deɪz/
    Những ngày tăm tối
  • Shares topping $375 million /ʃeərz ˈtɒp.ɪŋ 375 ˈmɪl.jən/ mở rộng
    Doanh số đạt trên 375 triệu đô
  • /kənˈsɔː.ti.əm əv ɒsˈtreɪ.li.ən bæŋks/
    Liên minh các ngân hàng Úc
  • /ˈmaʊ.ri dɪˈvel.əp.mənt ˌkɔː.pərˈeɪ.ʃən/
    Tập đoàn Maori Development
  • /ˈfuːd.lænd əˈsəʊ.si.eɪ.tɪd ˈltd/
    Công ty Foodland Associated
  • Service overseas /ˈsɜː.vɪs ˌəʊ.vəˈsiːz/ mở rộng
    Phục vụ ở nước ngoài (thời chiến)
  • Matched dollar for dollar /mætʃt ˈdɒl.ər fə ˈdɒl.ər/ mở rộng
    Đóng góp tương ứng từng đô
  • /ɪˌvæn.dʒəˈlɪs.tɪk ˈsɜː.vɪs/
    Buổi truyền giáo
  • /ˈhɒs.pɪsɪz/
    Nhà tế bần, nơi chăm sóc bệnh nhân giai đoạn cuối
  • /ˈhek.tər ðə ˈpær.ət/
    Con vẹt Hector (linh vật cửa hàng)
  • /fɔːt striːt/
    Đường Fort (tại Auckland)
  • /ˈhɒb.sən striːt/
    Đường Hobson (tại Auckland)
  • /ˈwɪn.dəm striːt/
    Đường Wyndham

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