Trang chủ Reading We Have Star Performers – IELTS Reading

We Have Star Performers – IELTS Reading

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Đề đọc IELTS Reading “We Have Star Performers” – Chúng Ta Có Những Ngôi Sao Xuất Sắc. Gồm 13 câu (đoạn chứa thông tin, True/False/Not Given, điền từ), 40 từ…

IELTS Academic Reading 13 câu hỏi

Cách làm bài

Đoạn nào chứa thông tin (which paragraph)

  • Đây là câu tìm thông tin cụ thể — KHÔNG theo thứ tự đoạn, nên phải quét toàn bài.
  • Một đoạn có thể là đáp án cho nhiều câu; hãy dựa vào nội dung, đừng loại đoạn quá sớm.
  • Định vị bằng từ khóa/từ đồng nghĩa của câu hỏi thay vì đọc kỹ tuần tự từng chữ.

True / False / Not Given (theo thông tin bài)

  • TRUE = đúng với thông tin trong bài; FALSE = trái ngược/không thể đúng cùng lúc với bài; NOT GIVEN = bài không cung cấp thông tin.
  • Câu hỏi đi theo thứ tự đoạn văn — định vị bằng từ khóa rồi đối chiếu từng chi tiết.
  • Cảnh giác từ tuyệt đối (all, only, never, always): chỉ cần một chi tiết lệch là FALSE.
  • Không suy diễn bằng kiến thức ngoài bài — chỉ dựa vào những gì đoạn văn viết ra.

Điền từ (completion)

  • Tuân thủ giới hạn số từ của đề (ví dụ “NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS”). Vượt quá là sai.
  • Chép chính xác từ trong bài, đúng chính tả và đúng dạng (số ít/nhiều, thì).
  • Dự đoán LOẠI TỪ cần điền (danh từ, động từ, số…) dựa vào ngữ pháp của chỗ trống trước khi tìm.

Chung

  • Không đọc kỹ toàn bài trước — đọc lướt lấy ý, rồi dùng câu hỏi dẫn đường (scan/skim).
  • Quản lý thời gian: mỗi bài đọc ~20 phút. Câu khó thì đánh dấu, làm tiếp rồi quay lại.

We Have Star Performers

A. The difference between companies is people. With capital and technology in plentiful supply, the critical resource for companies in the knowledge era will be human talent. Companies full of achievers will, by definition, outperform organisations of plodders. Ergo, compete ferociously for the best people. Poach and pamper stars; ruthlessly weed out second-raters. This in essence has been the recruitment strategy of the ambitious company of the past decade. The ‘talent mindset’ was given definitive form in two reports by the consultancy McKinsey famously entitled The War for Talent. Although the intensity of the warfare subsequently subsided along with the air in the internet bubble, it has been warming up again as the economy tightens: labour shortages, for example, are the reason the government has laid out the welcome mat for immigrants from the new Europe.

B. Yet while the diagnosis—people are important—is evident to the point of platitude, the apparently logical prescription—hire the best—like so much in management is not only not obvious: it is in fact profoundly wrong. The first suspicions dawned with the crash to earth of the dotcom meteors, which showed that dumb is dumb whatever the IQ of those who perpetrate it. The point was illuminated in brilliant relief by Enron, whose leaders, as a New Yorker article called ‘The Talent Myth’ entertainingly related, were so convinced of their own cleverness that they never twigged that collective intelligence is not the sum of a lot of individual intelligences. In fact in a profound sense the two are opposites. Enron believed in stars, noted author Malcolm Gladwell, because they didn’t believe in systems. But companies don’t just create: ‘they execute and compete and co-ordinate the efforts of many people, and the organisations that are most successful at that task are the ones where the system is the star’. The truth is that you can’t win the talent wars by hiring stars—only lose it. New light on why this should be so is thrown by an analysis of star behaviour in this month’s Harvard Business Review. In a study of the careers of 1,000 star stock analysts in the 1990s, the researchers found that when a company recruited a star performer, three things happened.

C. First, stardom doesn’t easily transfer from one organisation to another. In many cases, performance dropped sharply when high performers switched employers and in some instances never recovered. More of success than commonly supposed is due to the working environment—systems, processes, leadership, accumulated embedded learning—that are absent in and can’t be transported to the new firm. Moreover, precisely because of their past stellar performance, stars were unwilling to learn new tricks and antagonised those (on whom they now unwittingly depended) who could teach them. So they moved, upping their salary as they did—36 per cent moved on within three years, fast even for Wall Street. Second, group performance suffered as a result of tensions and resentment by rivals within the team. One respondent likened hiring a star to an organ transplant. The new organ can damage others by hogging the blood supply, other organs can start aching or threaten to stop working or the body can reject the transplant altogether, he said. ‘You should think about it very carefully before you do a transplant to a healthy body.’ Third, investors punished the offender by selling its stock. This is ironic, since the motive for importing stars was often a suffering share price in the first place. Shareholders evidently believe that the company is overpaying, the hiree is cashing in on a glorious past rather than preparing for a glowing present, and a spending spree is in the offing.

D. The result of mass star hirings as well as individual ones seem to confirm such doubts. Look at County NatWest and Barclays de Zoete Wedd, both of which hired teams of stars with loud fanfare to do great things in investment banking in the 1990s. Both failed dismally. Everyone accepts the cliche that people make the organisation—but much more does the organisation make the people. When researchers studied the performance of fund managers in the 1990s, they discovered that just 30 per cent of variation in fund performance was due to the individual, compared to 70 per cent to the company-specific setting.

E. That will be no surprise to those familiar with systems thinking. W Edwards Deming used to say that there was no point in beating up on people when 90 per cent of performance variation was down to the system within which they worked. Consistent improvement, he said, is a matter not of raising the level of individual intelligence, but of the learning of the organisation as a whole. The star system is glamorous – for the few. But it rarely benefits the company that thinks it is working it. And the knock-on consequences indirectly affect everyone else too. As one internet response to Gladwell’s New Yorker article put it: after Enron, ‘the rest of corporate America is stuck with overpaid, arrogant, underachieving, and relatively useless talent.’

F. Football is another illustration of the stars vs systems strategic choice. As with investment banks and stockbrokers, it seems obvious that success should ultimately be down to money. Great players are scarce and expensive. So the club that can afford more of them than anyone else will win. But the performance of Arsenal and Manchester United on one hand and Chelsea and Real Madrid on the other proves that it’s not as easy as that. While Chelsea and Real have the funds to be compulsive star collectors—as with Juan Sebastian Veron—they are less successful than Arsenal and United which, like Liverpool before them, have put much more emphasis on developing a setting within which stars-in-the-making can flourish. Significantly, Thierry Henry, Patrick Vieira and Robert Pires are much bigger stars than when Arsenal bought them, their value (in all senses) enhanced by the Arsenal system. At Chelsea, by contrast, the only context is the stars themselves—managers with different outlooks come and go every couple of seasons. There is no settled system for the stars to blend into. The Chelsea context has not only not added value, it has subtracted it. The side is less than the sum of its exorbitantly expensive parts. Even Real Madrid’s galacticos, the most extravagantly gifted on the planet, are being outperformed by less talented but better-integrated Spanish sides. In football, too, stars are trumped by systems.

G. So if not by hiring stars, how do you compete in the war for talent? You grow your own. This worked for investment analysts, where some companies were not only better at creating stars but also at retaining them. Because they had a much more sophisticated view of the interdependent relationship between star and system, they kept them longer without resorting to the exorbitant salaries that were so destructive to rivals.

Questions 14–17

The reading Passage has seven paragraphs A–G. Which paragraph contains the following information? Write the correct letter A–G in boxes 14–17 on your answer sheet.

14

One example from non-commerce/business settings that better system wins bigger stars

15

One failed company that believes stars rather than system

16

One suggestion that author made to acquire employees then to win the competition nowadays

17

One metaphor to human medical anatomy that illustrates the problems of hiring stars.

Questions 18–21

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1? In boxes 18–21 on your answer sheet, write TRUE if the statement agrees with the information, FALSE if the statement contradicts the information, NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this.

18

McKinsey who wrote The War for Talent had not expected the huge influence made by this book.

19

Economic condition becomes one of the factors which decide whether or not a country would prefer to hire foreign employees.

20

The collapse of Enron is caused totally by a unfortunate incident instead of company’s management mistake.

21

Football clubs that focus making stars in the setting are better than simply collecting stars.

Questions 22–26

Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage, using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the Reading Passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 22–26 on your answer sheet. An investigation carried out on 1000 (22) ____ participants of a survey by Harvard Business Review found a company hire a (23) ____ has negative effects. For instance, they behave considerably worse in a new team than in the (24) ____ that they used to be. They move faster than wall street and increase their (25) ____. Secondly, they faced rejections or refuse from those (26) ____ within the team. Lastly, the one who made mistakes had been punished by selling his/her stock share.

22

An investigation carried out on 1000 (22) ____ participants of a survey by Harvard Business Review...

23

...found a company hire a (23) ____ has negative effects.

24

For instance, they behave considerably worse in a new team than in the (24) ____ that they used to be.

25

They move faster than wall street and increase their (25) ____.

26

Secondly, they faced rejections or refuse from those (26) ____ within the team.

Từ vựng 40 từ

  • /stɑː pəˈfɔː.mər/
    Nhân viên xuất sắc
  • /ˈnɒl.ɪdʒ ˈɪə.rə/
    Thời đại tri thức
  • /ˈtæl.ənt ˈmaɪnd.set/
    Tư duy về tài năng
  • McKinsey’s “The War for Talent” /məˈkɪn.zi ðə wɔː fɔːr ˈtæl.ənt/ mở rộng
    Báo cáo nổi tiếng về việc cạnh tranh nguồn nhân tài
  • /pəʊtʃ ænd ˈpæm.pər stɑːz/
    “săn” và ưu ái các ngôi sao
  • /ˈruːθ.ləs.li wiːd aʊt ˈsek.ənd reɪ.təz/
    Loại bỏ tàn nhẫn những nhân viên tầm thường
  • /ˈɪn.tə.net ˈbʌb.l̩/
    Bóng bóng dotcom
  • /ˈleɪ.bər ˈʃɔː.tɪdʒɪz/
    Tình trạng thiếu lao động
  • /ˈplɒd.ərz/
    Người làm việc chậm chạp
  • /ˌdɒtˈkɒm ˈmiːti.ɔːrz/
    Công ty dotcom bùng nổ rồi sớm sụp đổ
  • /ˈpɜː.pɪ.treɪt/
    Phạm (sai lầm, tội phạm)
  • Enron fiasco /ˈen.rɒn fiˈæs.kəʊ/ mở rộng
    Vụ thất bại của công ty Enron
  • /kəˈlek.tɪv ɪnˈtel.ɪ.dʒəns/
    Trí tuệ tập thể
  • /ˈsɪs.təm ɪz ðə stɑːr/
    Hệ thống mới là ngôi sao
  • /ˈhɑː.vəd ˈbɪz.nɪs rɪˈvjuː/
    Tạp chí kinh doanh Harvard
  • /stɑː stɒk ˈæn.ə.lɪsts/
    Những nhà phân tích cổ phiếu xuất sắc
  • /ˈstɑː.dəm ˈdʌz.ənt ˈiː.zəl.i trænsˈfɜːr/
    Danh tiếng ngôi sao không dễ dàng chuyển giao
  • /ˈwɜː.kɪŋ ɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt ˈsɪs.təmz/
    Hệ thống môi trường làm việc
  • Antagonise co-workers /ænˈtæɡ.ə.naɪz ˈkəʊ.wɜː.kəz/ mở rộng
    Gây mâu thuẫn với đồng nghiệp
  • /ˈɔː.ɡən trænsˈplɑːnt/
    Cấy ghép nội tạng
  • /ˈhɒɡ.ɪŋ ðə blʌd səˈplaɪ/
    “giành” hết nguồn cung cấp máu
  • /ˈbɑː.kliz də zəʊt wed/
    Tên công ty trong lĩnh vực ngân hàng đầu tư
  • /ˈkaʊn.ti ˌnætˈwest/
    Tên công ty tài chính
  • /feɪld ˈdɪz.məl.i/
    Thất bại thảm hại
  • /ˈsɪs.təmz ˈθɪŋ.kɪŋ/
    Tư duy hệ thống
  • /dɛmɪŋ/
    Nhà lý thuyết quản lý nổi tiếng
  • /ˈfʊt.bɔːl ɪz əˈnʌð.ər ˌɪl.əˈstreɪ.ʃən/
    Bóng đá là một ví dụ khác
  • /stɑːz vs ˈsɪs.təmz strəˈtɛdʒɪk tʃɔɪs/
    Chiến lược chọn giữa ngôi sao hay hệ thống
  • Arsenal and Man Utd /ˈɑː.sən.əl ænd mæn juː ˈjuːnaɪtɪd/ mở rộng
    CLB Arsenal và Manchester United
  • Collecting star players /kəˈlektɪŋ stɑː ˈpleɪ.əz/ mở rộng
    Thu nạp cầu thủ sao
  • Thierry Henry, Patrick Vieira, Robert Pires /tiˈɛəri ˈɒn.ri, ˈpætrɪk viˈɛː.rə, ˈrɒb.ət pɪˈrɛs/ mở rộng
    Tên cầu thủ Arsenal nổi tiếng
  • Value enhanced by the Arsenal system /ˈvæl.juː ɪnˈhɑːnst baɪ ði ˈɑː.sən.əl ˈsɪs.təm/ mở rộng
    Giá trị được tăng nhờ hệ thống Arsenal
  • Less than the sum of its expensive parts /les ðæn ðə sʌm əv ɪts ɪɡˈzpen.sɪv pɑːts/ mở rộng
    Hiệu quả còn kém hơn tổng các phần đắt đỏ
  • /ˈrɪəl məˈdrɪd ɡəˈlæk.tɪk.əʊz/
    Dải ngân hà Real Madrid
  • Less talented but better-integrated teams /les ˈtæl.ən.tɪd bʌt ˈbet.ər ˈɪn.tɪ.ɡreɪ.tɪd tiːmz/ mở rộng
    Đội hình kém tài năng nhưng gắn kết hơn
  • Grow your own talent /ɡrəʊ jɔːr əʊn ˈtæl.ənt/ mở rộng
    Tự phát triển tài năng
  • /ɪnˈvest.mənt əˈnæl.ɪsts/
    Những nhà phân tích đầu tư
  • Sophisticated view of star and system /səˈfɪs.tɪ.keɪ.tɪd vjuː əv stɑːr ænd ˈsɪs.təm/ mở rộng
    Cái nhìn tinh vi về ngôi sao và hệ thống
  • /ɪɡˈzɔː.bɪ.tənt ˈsæl.ər.iz/
    Lương cao ngất
  • Retaining employees /rɪˈteɪ.nɪŋ ɪmˈplɔɪ.iːz/ mở rộng
    Giữ chân nhân viên

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