Ngữ pháp Full interactive lesson rebuilt as a standalone offline HTML page with theory/reference content and exercises A-K in source order.
Sau động từ tri giác/trạng thái (seem, smell, taste, sound, become, appear, feel, grow) ta dùng tính từ để mô tả chủ ngữ (it smells strong, she seems unhappy), nhưng dùng trạng từ khi mô tả cách thức của hành động (I felt nervously for the switch). Đây là điểm dễ sai vì cùng một động từ (feel, appear) có thể theo cả hai hướng.
Cấu trúc nhấn mạnh: so + adj + a/an + N (so hard a day, such a hard day), as/too/how + adj + a/an + N (too tempting an offer). Trật tự nhiều tính từ theo thứ tự: opinion – size – age – shape – colour – origin – material – purpose (a gorgeous little African sculpture, black leather climbing boots).
Các từ tăng/giảm mức độ so sánh: far / a good deal / considerably / a lot (hơn nhiều), slightly / a little (hơn chút ít), nowhere near / nothing like / not nearly (kém xa). Cấu trúc the + so sánh…, the + so sánh (The bigger the city, the higher the crime rate) và far and away / by far đi với so sánh nhất.
Trạng từ chỉ tần suất/mức độ thường đứng giữa, sau trợ động từ đầu tiên (has often been compared). Phân biệt trạng từ phân loại: gradable (very, quite, a bit, fairly) đi với tính từ thường; ungradable/tuyệt đối (absolutely, completely, totally, utterly) đi với tính từ mạnh (absolutely perfect, completely useless). Chú ý cặp hard/hardly, fair/fairly, free/freely, high/highly, late/lately khác nghĩa hoàn toàn.
Before a noun: red, broken, rich, old.
After verbs such as appear, be, become, feel, get, grow, look, seem, smell, sound, taste, turn.
Some adjectives only appear after a verb and not before a noun, e.g. afraid, alike, asleep, awake.
When more than one adjective is used before a noun, they usually appear as: opinion, size, shape, colour, origin, material, purpose.
Examples: a lovely little wooden cabin, a long red Chinese silk curtain.
Use the + adjective to refer to groups: the poor, the injured, the French.
Used for general social groups, specific groups, and nationalities.
Adverbs can appear at the beginning, in mid position, or at the end.
Comparative: compares differences.
Superlative: compares one with a full group.
Comparative/superlative modifiers: much, far, a lot, a great deal, considerably, by far, easily.
Ungradable: extreme qualities (e.g. amazing, awful, perfect, impossible) and take modifiers like absolutely, completely, utterly.
Gradable: can vary in degree and take modifiers like a bit, fairly, quite, very.
With gradable adjectives, quite means fairly; with ungradable adjectives, quite means absolutely/completely.
Forms with adjective/adverb differences: fair/fairly, free/freely, high/highly, hard/hardly, late/lately, near/nearly, short/shortly, right/rightly, wide/widely.
Some -ly adjectives are not adverbs (e.g. friendly, likely, lively, lonely).
If the word in bold is correct, put a tick. If it is incorrect, rewrite it correctly.
Whenever she gets home from work, Mum always seems unhappily about something.
I don't know what's in it, but it smells strongly of cinnamon.
When Terry finally became calmly, I asked him what had happened.
I'm glad I didn't go on holiday with Efy and Graham because it sounded dreadfully.
It's hard to believe that the seeds you planted have grown so quickly.
The car sped past me and turned sharply into the next street.
The actors could tell that the audience were growing restlessly.
Why are you looking so accusingly at me?
Add some chili to the curry because it doesn't taste spicily enough.
I don't think I get angrily very often, but one or two people do really annoy me.
In the darkness, I felt nervously for the light switch and finally found it.
Tim appeared tiredly after his tennis match.
Complete the sentences using the words in bold. Add any other words you need.
I haven't had this ____ at work for a long time. (day, hard)
So ____ was it that I never went back to that country again. (experience, frightening)
If we'd known how ____ it was going to be, we wouldn't have agreed to do it. (difficult, task)
It was as ____ as I'd seen in a long time. (moving, performance)
Alex has got that ____ he never seems to have to work hard at school. (good, memory)
It was too ____ to turn down. (offer, tempting)
No matter how ____ you have, there's always the risk of failure. (career, successful)
I don't think I'll ever be as ____ as my brother. (good, pianist)
Complete the sentences using the words in bold in the correct order.
Oh, what a/an ____ sculpture! Did you buy it when you were there? (African, gorgeous, little)
Have you seen my ____ boots anywhere? I'm sure I left them here. (black, climbing, leather)
They've got some ____ shoes in the sale at Derbyshire's. (ballet, fantastic, pink, Russian, silk)
Didn't the bride look lovely in that ____ dress? (beautiful, cotton, cream, wedding)
Does Spencer still drive that ____ car of his? (blue, foreign, ugly)
It's hard to imagine that such a ____ frog is so important to the local environment. (Amazonian, green, tiny)
Andrea has a ____ rug on the floor in her bedroom. (long, lovely, sheepskin, white)
The clown was wearing a ____ wig and a red nose. (funny, plastic, red)
I couldn't believe it when Sylvia turned up in the same ____ hat that she wore last time. (horrible, wide, yellow)
When are you going to get rid of those ____ trousers? (dreadful, French, nylon, short)
Identify the best position for each adverb in bold. More than one answer may be correct.
Write letter(s), e.g. C or B,C.
(correctly) The Millennium Dome, or the O2 as (A) it (B) is (C) called (D) now ...
(strongly) It was built ... and (A) a number of people (B) criticised (C) the high cost ... (D).
(completely) Costing ... for a year, (A) it (B) failed (C) to reach (D) its target ...
(probably) ... admitted that (A) it (B) would (C) have been (D) better ...
(often) ... (A) people who visited the Dome (B) had (C) a positive experience (D).
(easily) Even with low visitor numbers, (A) it (B) was (C) the most popular attraction ... (D).
(actually) Although (A) it (B) is (C) closed (D), ...
Complete with an appropriate comparative or superlative form of the words in the box.
Word box: demanding, few, funny, hard, long, observant, reliable, slight, ugly, valuable.
I thought this week's programme was far ____ last week's, so it's definitely improving.
My new laptop is ____ my old one, but I suppose it was quite cheap so I shouldn't be surprised.
Jim Carter knows what he wants from employees, and I don't think I've ever worked for ____ manager.
Because of its internal structure, diamond is ____ substance known.
Beside the house, there stood ____ tower block I had ever seen.
If the conflict goes on any ____, more people are going to lose their lives.
____ his Portrait of Dr. Gachet, van Gogh's Irises still sold for $49 million.
Even ____ amongst us cannot realise when a friend has changed their appearance in some way.
I'm afraid that what you're saying doesn't make ____ difference to how I feel.
Frankly, I think ____ people who know about this, the better.
Select the correct word or phrase.
It's good to see that Rebecca has become a great lot / deal more independent than she used to be.
The hotel was away / far from the most luxurious I've stayed in.
The new law is less / little more than an attempt to divert attention from the real problems.
This is by / from far the worst public transport system I've ever been on.
Have you noticed that the neighbours' trees have grown easily / considerably bigger?
My mum's getting a little / little older now, so she needs someone to look after her.
It was quite / somewhat the most delightful little puppy I had ever seen!
If you have any / even further problems with your computer, don't hesitate to call me.
I'd say that the woman I saw running away from the bank was any / no taller than I am.
Imogen was told that she would have to work a better / good deal harder than she had been doing.
Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning (3-8 words, including the word given).
The red shoes are slightly more expensive than the green ones. (quite) -> The green shoes ____ the red ones.
Richard is much more committed to the project than Grant seems to be. (like) -> Grant seems to be ____ to the project.
If you argue about it more, we'll get to Denver later. (the) -> The ____ we'll get to Denver.
My new MP3 player was twice the price of yours. (expensive) -> Your MP3 player was ____ mine.
England is much bigger than Wales. (nowhere) -> Wales ____ England.
Derek is quite a bit more adventurous than his sister, Annabelle. (nearly) -> Annabelle ____ her brother, Derek.
Bigger cities have higher crime rates. (the) -> The ____ the crime rate.
Their first album was considerably more successful than their second. (near) -> Their second album ____ their first.
Underline the word or phrase which cannot complete the sentence.
Inferred note: item 7 is semantically debatable in isolation; accepted key follows usual workbook intent.
I thought it was absolutely / quite / very perfect.
You were completely / fairly / totally right about Laura.
We've been absolutely / a little / quite busy at work.
It's completely / totally / very pointless trying to persuade Michael.
Anthony seems to be a little / really / utterly worried.
Jackson's shot from the halfway line was absolutely / quite / too incredible.
If you think I'm going to help you, you're a bit / completely / quite wrong.
The documents that the tax office sent us were completely / totally / very useless.
Complete using the words in the boxes (hard/hardly, fair/fairly, free/freely, high/highly).
Inferred note: item 5 scan line is faint; accepted answer follows standard collocation.
Don't press the keys so ____ or you'll break the keyboard.
This is ____ the most attractive part of the city, is it?
It's ____ to understand why Isabelle reacted in the way she did.
It's not ____! You never let me go to parties!
Divide the money between you ____.
I'm ____ satisfied with your progress.
They're giving away ____ tickets to the concert!
This tool moves ____ in any direction.
Can we get in ____ if we're members of the club?
I'm always uncomfortable in ____ places.
This request is ____ unusual.
The dog jumped ____ and cleared the fence.
Write one word in each gap.
houses built ____ earlier in the century ...
were ____ longer suitable for people to live in.
placed a great ____ more strain on available space.
... in a relatively small space ____ a horizontal street ...
The more people got used to living in these structures, ____ more they ...
these blocks were ____ popular than the old housing ...
They were ____ and away ...
... the ____ affordable alternative for many people ...
these buildings soon became ____ attractive ...
a tower block was ____ like as friendly a place to live in ...
... as friendly a place to live in ____ a traditional street.
More often ____ than not ...
Choose the correct answer.
I ____ when Colin asked me to make him a cup of tea.
Where's that ____ dress that your grandma gave you?
Although he ____ to Ernest Hemingway, I think his books are unique.
Don't you think ____ in society have a responsibility to help those less fortunate?
The rents in this area are ____ the highest in the city.
The coastguard boarded the ship and found ____.
To be honest, Harry has ____ than you have.
I'm ____ my brother is.
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