Unit 30: The world around us
Từ vựng The world around us
📘 Giải thích tiếng Việt
Chủ đề: Thế giới quanh ta
Bài này giới thiệu từ vựng về thiên nhiên và môi trường: các dạng địa hình, hiện tượng tự nhiên, ô nhiễm và bảo vệ môi trường. Nắm vững nhóm từ này giúp bạn nói và viết về cảnh quan cũng như các vấn đề môi trường.
Từ vựng địa hình và thiên nhiên
coast = bờ biển, continent = lục địa, desert = sa mạc, valley = thung lũng, volcano = núi lửa, wildlife = động thực vật hoang dã. Phân biệt scenery (cảnh đẹp thiên nhiên) với landscape (toàn cảnh vùng đất bạn nhìn thấy).
Cụm động từ (phrasal verbs)
Thường gặp: break out = bùng phát (cháy), put out = dập tắt (lửa), die out = tuyệt chủng, cut off = cô lập/chia cắt, tear down = phá bỏ, throw away = vứt đi. Ví dụ: Firefighters put out the fire.
Giới từ và cấu tạo từ
Học cụm cố định với giới từ: effect on (ảnh hưởng đến), damage to (thiệt hại cho), in danger of (có nguy cơ), protect … from (bảo vệ khỏi), responsible for (chịu trách nhiệm về). Đồng thời nắm họ từ: pollute → pollution, destroy → destruction/destructive, nature → natural.
Tổng điểm: 0/66
Theory
Topic vocabulary in context
| Word | Meaning / Example |
|---|---|
| climate (n) | the typical weather conditions of an area |
| coast (n) | the area where land meets the sea |
| continent (n) | one of the main large areas of land on Earth |
| countryside (n) | land used for farming or left in its natural state |
| desert (n) | a large dry area with very few plants |
| earth (n) | the world; the planet we live on / the substance in which plants grow |
| environment (n) | the natural world; the air, water and land around us |
| field (n) | a piece of land used for farming or a sports activity |
| forest (n) | a large area of land covered in trees |
| hill (n) | a raised area of land, smaller than a mountain |
| island (n) | an area of land completely surrounded by water |
| lake (n) | a large area of water surrounded by land |
| landscape (n) | a large area of land that you can see |
| mountain (n) | a very high area of land with steep sides |
| nature (n) | everything in the physical world not made by people |
| ocean (n) | one of the large areas of salt water on the Earth's surface |
| planet (n) | a large body in space that goes round the sun |
| pollution (n) | damage to water, air, etc. by harmful substances |
| river (n) | a large stream of water that flows to the sea |
| scenery (n) | the natural features of an area, such as mountains, forests |
| sea (n) | the salt water that covers most of the Earth's surface |
| valley (n) | a low area of land between hills or mountains |
| volcano (n) | a mountain with a hole at the top from which lava comes out |
| wildlife (n) | animals and plants that grow in natural conditions |
Phrasal verbs
| Phrasal verb | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| blow down | knock to the ground by blowing | The wind blew down several trees. |
| break out | start suddenly | A fire broke out in the forest. |
| carry away | take away by force (of water, wind) | The floods carried away cars and houses. |
| cut off | stop people from reaching somewhere; block | The village was cut off by snow. |
| die out | become extinct | Many species have died out. |
| put out | stop a fire from burning | Firefighters put out the fire. |
| tear down | knock down; destroy | They tore down the old factory. |
| throw away | get rid of something you don't want | Don't throw away that bottle – recycle it! |
Phrases and collocations
| Phrase | Example |
|---|---|
| a change in the weather | There's been a change in the weather recently. |
| do damage (to) | The earthquake did a lot of damage to the buildings. |
| in danger (of) | Many animals are in danger of dying out. |
| have an effect (on) | Pollution has had an effect on the environment. |
| in the distance | We could see mountains in the distance. |
| make a difference | Recycling can make a big difference. |
| on the coast | The town is on the coast. |
| at risk (of) | The forest is at risk of destruction. |
| under threat | Many species are under threat. |
Word formation
| Base word | Forms |
|---|---|
| danger | danger (n), dangerous (adj), endanger (v), endangered (adj) |
| destroy | destruction (n), destructive (adj), destroy (v) |
| disaster | disaster (n), disastrous (adj) |
| environment | environment (n), environmental (adj), environmentally (adv) |
| erupt | eruption (n), erupt (v) |
| nature | nature (n), natural (adj), naturally (adv), unnatural (adj) |
| pollute | pollution (n), pollute (v), polluted (adj) |
| protect | protection (n), protect (v), protective (adj) |
Word patterns
| Pattern | Example |
|---|---|
| anxious about | I'm anxious about climate change. |
| aware of | Are you aware of the problem? |
| damage to | There was damage to the coast. |
| effect on | It has an effect on the environment. |
| harmful to | Chemicals are harmful to wildlife. |
| protect … from | We must protect the forest from fire. |
| responsible for | Who is responsible for this mess? |
| result of | Flooding is a result of heavy rain. |
| threat to | Pollution is a threat to wildlife. |
| worry about | People worry about the environment. |
Exercise A
A Score: 0/8
Circle the correct word.
1
I spent my holiday in the __________, far from any towns or cities.
countryside
2
Asia is the largest __________ in the world.
continent
3
The __________ erupted and hot lava flowed down into the valley.
volcano
4
From the top of the __________ we had a wonderful view of the town below.
hill
5
The __________ in Switzerland is amazing – mountains, lakes and forests everywhere.
scenery
6
The __________ flows through the centre of the city and out to the sea.
river
7
There are many different species of __________ in this forest.
wildlife
8
Air __________ is getting worse because of all the traffic.
pollution
Exercise B
B Score: 0/10
Complete the crossword.
Across →
2→
A piece of land used for farming or a sports activity
field
5→
The typical weather conditions of an area
climate
7→
A large area of dry land with very few plants
desert
9→
An area of land completely surrounded by water
island
10→
A large body in space that goes round the sun
planet
Down ↓
1↓
A large area of land covered in trees
forest
3↓
The area where the land meets the sea
coast
4↓
A low area of land between hills or mountains
valley
6↓
A large area of water surrounded by land
lake
8↓
Animals and plants that grow in natural conditions
wildlife
Exercise C
C Score: 0/8
Write a letter (A–H) to match each phrasal verb with its definition.
A blow downB break outC carry awayD cut off
E die outF put outG tear downH throw away
1
start suddenly
B
2
get rid of something you don't want
H
3
knock to the ground by blowing
A
4
become extinct
E
5
stop a fire from burning
F
6
take away by force (of water, wind, etc.)
C
7
stop people from reaching somewhere; block
D
8
knock down; destroy
G
Exercise D
D Score: 0/8
Complete using the correct form of the phrasal verbs from the box. You may have to use some negative forms.
blow downbreak outcarry awaycut off
die output outtear downthrow away
1
The storm was so strong that it __________ several trees in the park.
blew down
2
A fire __________ in the forest during the night.
broke out
3
The floods __________ cars, trees and even parts of buildings.
carried away
4
The heavy snow __________ the village from the rest of the world.
cut off
5
The dinosaurs __________ about 65 million years ago.
died out
6
It took the firefighters three hours to __________ the fire.
put out
7
They're going to __________ the old building and build a new one.
tear down
8
Don't __________ those bottles – you can recycle them!
throw away
Exercise E
E Score: 0/9
Complete using the correct word.
1
There's been a change __________ the weather recently.
in
2
The earthquake did a lot of damage __________ the buildings.
to
3
Many animals are __________ danger of dying out.
in
4
Pollution has had a terrible effect __________ the environment.
on
5
We could see snow-covered mountains __________ the distance.
in
6
If everyone recycles, it will make __________ difference.
a
7
The town is __________ the coast, right next to the sea.
on
8
The forest is __________ risk of destruction.
at
9
Many species are __________ threat from climate change.
under
Exercise F
F Score: 0/10
Complete each sentence with a word formed from the word in capitals.
1
The _____ of the rainforest is a serious problem. (DESTROY)
destruction
2
We need to be more _____ friendly. (ENVIRONMENT)
environmentally
3
It's only _____ that people want to live in a clean world. (NATURE)
natural
4
Air _____ is getting worse in many big cities. (POLLUTE)
pollution
5
_____ of wildlife is very important. (PROTECT)
Protection
6
The _____ of the volcano caused panic in the area. (ERUPT)
eruption
7
Swimming in the river can be _____. (DANGER)
dangerous
8
The tornado was _____. It destroyed the whole town. (DISASTER)
disastrous
9
The _____ effects of the oil spill could be seen for miles. (DESTROY)
destructive
10
Several _____ species of bird live on this island. (DANGER)
endangered
Exercise G
G Score: 0/6
Circle the correct preposition.
1
Pollution has had a terrible effect __________ the environment.
on
2
Many animals are in danger __________ becoming extinct.
of
3
Climate change is a threat __________ the whole planet.
to
4
We must protect animals __________ extinction.
from
5
Who is responsible __________ all this pollution?
for
6
Chemicals from factories are harmful __________ the environment.
to
Exercise H
H Score: 0/7
Complete with the correct preposition.
1
I'm really anxious __________ climate change.
about
2
Are you aware __________ the damage that pollution causes?
of
3
The oil spill did a lot of damage __________ the coast.
to
4
Deforestation has had a terrible effect __________ the wildlife.
on
5
We should protect the countryside __________ development.
from
6
The flooding was a result __________ heavy rain.
of
7
A lot of people worry __________ the environment.
about
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