Unit 28: Conditionals 1: (zero, first, second)
Ngữ pháp Conditionals 1: (zero, first, second)
📘 Giải thích tiếng Việt
Câu điều kiện là gì?
Câu điều kiện có chữ if gồm hai phần: tình huống (mệnh đề if) và kết quả. Nếu câu bắt đầu bằng if, dùng dấu phẩy ngăn cách; nếu kết quả đứng trước thì không cần dấu phẩy.
Zero conditional (điều kiện loại 0)
Hình thức: if + present simple, present simple. Cách dùng: nói về sự thật hiển nhiên hoặc quy luật khoa học luôn đúng. Ví dụ: If people eat too much, they get fat.
First conditional (điều kiện loại 1)
Hình thức: if + present simple, will + động từ nguyên mẫu. Cách dùng: tình huống có thật hoặc có khả năng xảy ra ở hiện tại/tương lai và kết quả của nó. Ví dụ: If you take these pills, you'll feel better. Có thể thay will bằng might/can hoặc dùng câu mệnh lệnh để đưa ra chỉ dẫn.
Second conditional (điều kiện loại 2)
Hình thức: if + past simple, would + động từ nguyên mẫu. Cách dùng: tình huống không có thật hoặc khó xảy ra ở hiện tại/tương lai. Ví dụ: If my legs were longer, I would be a faster runner. Dùng If I were you, … để khuyên nhủ ai đó.
Dấu hiệu nhận biết
Xem thì sau if: hiện tại đơn → loại 0/1; quá khứ đơn → loại 2. Sau if không dùng will/would.
Tổng điểm: 0/44
Theory
Introduction to conditionals
Some sentences with the word if are called conditional sentences.
With every conditional sentence, there are two parts: a situation and the result of that situation. It is the situation that starts with if.
There are different types of conditional sentence, depending on what the situation is.
With every conditional sentence, there are two parts: a situation and the result of that situation. It is the situation that starts with if.
There are different types of conditional sentence, depending on what the situation is.
Helpful hints
• When we start the sentence with if, we separate the situation and the result with a comma.
✓ If you join a gym, I'll join too.
✓ If you join a gym, I'll join too.
• When we start the sentence with the result, we don't use a comma.
✓ I'll join too if you join a gym.
✓ I'll join too if you join a gym.
Zero conditional
| Form | Use | Example |
|---|---|---|
| if + present simple, present simple | General or scientific facts | If people eat too much, they often get fat. |
First conditional
| Form | Use | Example |
|---|---|---|
| if + present simple, will + bare infinitive | Real or likely situations in the present or future and their results | If you take these pills, you'll start to feel better very soon. |
Helpful hints
• We can also use other modals instead of will, depending on the meaning.
✓ If you get some rest, you might feel better tomorrow.
✓ If you get some rest, you might feel better tomorrow.
• We can also use an imperative instead of will to give instructions.
✓ If you don't feel well, go home!
✓ If you don't feel well, go home!
Second conditional
| Form | Use | Example |
|---|---|---|
| if + past simple, would + bare infinitive | Impossible or unlikely situations in the present or future and their results | If my legs were longer, I would be a much faster runner! |
Helpful hints
We can also use the second conditional to give advice. We use the phrases If I were you … or If I was you … for this.
✓ If I were you, I would eat less chocolate. (more formal)
✓ If I was you, I'd eat less chocolate! (more informal)
✓ If I were you, I would eat less chocolate. (more formal)
✓ If I was you, I'd eat less chocolate! (more informal)
Exercise A
A Score: 0/6
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use the zero conditional.
1
Prompts: heat / water / it / boil
If you heat water, it boils.
2
Prompts: send / an e-mail / it / be / free
If you send an e-mail, it is free.
3
Prompts: be / dangerous / you / not / wear / a seatbelt
It is dangerous if you do not wear a seatbelt.
4
Prompts: have / an injection / it / not / usually / hurt
If you have an injection, it does not usually hurt.
5
Prompts: not / water / plants and flowers / they / die
If you do not water plants and flowers, they die.
6
Prompts: not / be / calm / not / be / safe / to swim
If the sea is not calm, it is not safe to swim.
Exercise B
B Score: 0/8
The words and phrases in bold in each sentence are wrong. Write the correct word or phrase.
1
If we will go shopping tomorrow, I'll probably buy a new top.
go
2
If Mum is tired tonight, I cook dinner.
I'll cook
3
John will tell us if there will be any news.
is
4
If I won't get a good mark in the geography test, I'll be very annoyed!
don't
5
You are tired in the morning if you don't go to bed soon.
will be / 'll be
6
If you see Karen, do you ask her to call me?
will
7
Does Frank come with us if we go to the beach at the weekend?
Will
8
If you need help, will tell me!
tell
Exercise C
C Score: 0/8
Complete using the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1
If I __________ (do) well in the exam, my parents will buy me an MP3 player.
do
2
If my sister borrows my clothes again, I __________ (scream)!
will scream / 'll scream
3
We'll leave at six o'clock if the weather __________ (be) bad.
is
4
They __________ (not / mind) if we're a bit late this afternoon.
won't mind
5
Sarah will be very annoyed if Dave __________ (not / call) her this evening.
doesn't call
6
Will you still go to the concert if the tickets __________ (cost) 60 euros?
cost
7
If Rania doesn't come to the party, __________ (Greg / be) upset?
will Greg be
8
I'll be surprised if Doug and Dana __________ (not / get) a new car soon.
don't get
Exercise D
D Score: 0/8
Circle the correct word or phrase.
1
If I __________ a million euros, I'd buy my mum and dad a new house.
won
2
If Steve paid more attention in class, he __________ learn more.
would
3
__________ go on a cruise if they had enough money.
They'd
4
You'd feel a lot healthier if you __________ eat so much fast food.
didn't
5
If I __________ a bike, it wouldn't take me so long to get to school.
had
6
If you met Tom Hanks, what __________ you ask him?
would
7
__________ Bobby be upset if I didn't invite him?
Would
8
If I __________ you, I'd get a haircut!
were
Exercise E
E Score: 0/6
Complete each second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Write no more than three words.
1
Sylvia doesn't have enough money, so she can't buy a new computer.
If Sylvia __________ enough money, she'd buy a new computer.
If Sylvia __________ enough money, she'd buy a new computer.
had
2
The twins don't see their friends often because they're very busy.
If the twins weren't so busy, they __________ their friends more often.
If the twins weren't so busy, they __________ their friends more often.
would see
3
I don't live in a city, so there's not much to do in the evening.
If I __________ in a city, there would be lots to do in the evening.
If I __________ in a city, there would be lots to do in the evening.
lived
4
Grandma won't get a dog because she lives in a small flat.
If Grandma __________ in a small flat, she'd get a dog.
If Grandma __________ in a small flat, she'd get a dog.
didn't live
5
You use your mobile a lot, so you have large phone bills.
If you didn't use your mobile so much, you __________ large phone bills.
If you didn't use your mobile so much, you __________ large phone bills.
wouldn't have
6
I think you should tell your parents the truth.
If I __________ you, I'd tell your parents the truth.
If I __________ you, I'd tell your parents the truth.
were
Exercise F
F Score: 0/8
Choose the correct answer.
Dear Marsha,
I'm not sure what to do. I'm thinking of becoming a vegetarian, but some of my friends say it's a bad idea. They say that if I (1) __________ eating meat, my body won't get all the things it needs to stay healthy. Are my friends right?
Thanks,
Yuri, age 14
Dear Yuri,
Millions of people are vegetarians and they're perfectly healthy. You have to be careful, though. If you (2) __________ up eating meat completely, and only (3) __________ chocolate and crisps, that would obviously be very bad for you! If people don't eat properly, they (4) __________ ill. It's that simple. If you eat lots of fruit and salad and beans, you (5) __________ get all the things you need to stay healthy. But – you're only 14 years old. If you (6) __________ at home with your parents – and you probably do – you'll have to ask them what they think too. If your mum cooks for you, (7) it __________ be difficult for her to make you special meals. If I were you, I (8) __________ think about this carefully and maybe wait until you're a bit older before making such a big decision.
Marsha
1
If I __________ eating meat, my body won't get …
A – stop
2
If you __________ up eating meat completely …
B – gave
3
… and only __________ chocolate and crisps …
B – ate
4
If people don't eat properly, they __________ ill.
A – get
5
… you __________ get all the things you need to stay healthy.
A – will
6
If you __________ at home with your parents …
A – live
7
… it __________ be difficult for her to make you special meals.
A – will
8
If I were you, I __________ think about this carefully …
B – would
Học tiếp bài khác
Xem tất cả Grammar B1
Thấy chỗ nào chưa đúng trong bài này?
Đáp án sai, lỗi chính tả, nội dung thiếu… hãy đăng nhập rồi báo cho chúng tôi để sửa cho các bạn học sau.