Trang chủ Reading Does IQ Test Prove Creativity? – IELTS Reading

Does IQ Test Prove Creativity? – IELTS Reading

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Đề đọc IELTS Reading “Does IQ Test Prove Creativity?” – Bài kiểm tra IQ có chứng minh được sự sáng tạo không?. Gồm 13 câu (True/False/Not Given, nối thông…

IELTS Academic Reading 13 câu hỏi

Cách làm bài

True / False / Not Given (theo thông tin bài)

  • TRUE = đúng với thông tin trong bài; FALSE = trái ngược/không thể đúng cùng lúc với bài; NOT GIVEN = bài không cung cấp thông tin.
  • Câu hỏi đi theo thứ tự đoạn văn — định vị bằng từ khóa rồi đối chiếu từng chi tiết.
  • Cảnh giác từ tuyệt đối (all, only, never, always): chỉ cần một chi tiết lệch là FALSE.
  • Không suy diễn bằng kiến thức ngoài bài — chỉ dựa vào những gì đoạn văn viết ra.

Nối (matching)

  • Đọc kỹ vế/đề đã cho, tìm trong bài đoạn nói cùng nội dung — đáp án thường được diễn đạt lại bằng từ đồng nghĩa.
  • Với nối phần kết câu: ghép sao cho câu hoàn chỉnh vừa đúng NGHĨA vừa đúng NGỮ PHÁP.
  • Loại trừ dần các lựa chọn đã dùng; đọc lướt cả danh sách trước khi quyết định để tránh chọn trùng.

Điền từ (completion)

  • Tuân thủ giới hạn số từ của đề (ví dụ “NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS”). Vượt quá là sai.
  • Chép chính xác từ trong bài, đúng chính tả và đúng dạng (số ít/nhiều, thì).
  • Dự đoán LOẠI TỪ cần điền (danh từ, động từ, số…) dựa vào ngữ pháp của chỗ trống trước khi tìm.

Chung

  • Không đọc kỹ toàn bài trước — đọc lướt lấy ý, rồi dùng câu hỏi dẫn đường (scan/skim).
  • Quản lý thời gian: mỗi bài đọc ~20 phút. Câu khó thì đánh dấu, làm tiếp rồi quay lại.

Does IQ Test Prove Creativity?

A. Everyone has creativity, some a lot more than others. The development of humans, and possibly the universe, depends on it. Yet creativity is an elusive creature. What do we mean by it? What is going on in our brains when ideas form? Does it feel the same for artists and scientists? We asked writers and neuroscientists, pop stars, and AI gurus to try to deconstruct the creative process – and learn how we can all ignite the spark within.

B. In the early 1970s, creativity was still seen as a type of intelligence. But when more subtle tests of IQ and creative skills were developed in the 1970s, particularly by the father of creativity testing, Paul Torrance, it became clear that the link was not so simple. Creative people are intelligent, in terms of IQ tests at least, but only averagely or just above. While it depends on the discipline, in general, beyond a certain level IQ does not help boost creativity; it is necessary, but not sufficient to make someone creative.

C. Because of the difficulty of studying the actual process, most early attempts to study creativity concentrated on personality. According to creativity specialist Mark Runco of California State University, Fullerton, the “creative personality” tends to place a high value on aesthetic qualities and to have broad interests, providing lots of resources to draw on and knowledge to recombine into novel solutions. “Creatives” have an attraction to complexity and an ability to handle conflict. They are also usually highly self-motivated, perhaps even a little obsessive. Less creative people, on the other hand, tend to become irritated if they cannot immediately fit all the pieces together. They are less tolerant of confusion. Creativity comes to those who wait, but only to those who are happy to do so in a bit of a fog.

D. But there may be a price to pay for having a creative personality. For centuries, a link has been made between creativity and mental illness. Psychiatrist Jamison of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, found that established artists are significantly more likely to have mood disorders. But she also suggests that a change of mood state might be the key to triggering a creative event, rather than the negative mood itself. Intelligence can help channel this thought style into great creativity, but when combined with emotional problems, lateral, divergent or open thinking can lead to mental illness instead.

E. Jordan Peterson, a psychologist at the University of Toronto, Canada, believes he has identified a mechanism that could help explain this. He says that the brains of creative people seem more open to incoming stimuli than less creative types. Our senses are continuously feeding a mass of information into our brains, which have to block or ignore most of it to save us from being snowed under. Peterson calls this process latent inhibition, and argues that people who have less of it, and who have a reasonably high IQ with a good working memory can juggle more of the data, and so may be open to more possibilities and ideas. The downside of extremely low latent inhibition may be a confusing thought style that predisposes people to mental illness. So for Peterson, mental illness is not a prerequisite for creativity, but it shares some cognitive traits.

F. But what of the creative act itself? One of the first studies of the creative brain at work was by Colin Martindale, a psychologist from the University of Maine in Orono. Back in 1978, he used a network of scalp electrodes to record an electroencephalogram, a record of the pattern of brain waves, as people made up stories. Creativity has two stages: inspiration and elaboration, each characterised by very different states of mind. While people were dreaming up their stories, he found their brains were surprisingly quiet. The dominant activity was alpha waves, indicating a very low level of cortical arousal: a relaxed state, as though the conscious mind was quiet while the brain was making connections behind the scenes. It’s the same sort of brain activity as in some stages of sleep, dreaming or rest, which could explain why sleep and relaxation can help people be creative. However, when these quiet-minded people were asked to work on their stories, the alpha wave activity dropped off and the brain became busier, revealing increased cortical arousal, more corralling of activity and more organised thinking. Strikingly, it was the people who showed the biggest difference in brain activity between the inspiration and development stages who produced the most creative storylines. Nothing in their background brain activity marked them as creative or uncreative. “It’s as if the less creative person can’t shift gear,” says Guy Claxton, a psychologist at the University of Bristol, UK. “Creativity requires different kinds of thinking. Very creative people move between these states intuitively.” Creativity, it seems, is about mental flexibility, perhaps not a two-step process, but a toggling between two states. In a later study, Martindale found that communication between the sides of the brain is also important.

G. Paul Howard-Jones, who works with Claxton at Bristol, believes he has found another aspect of creativity. He asked people to make up a story based on three words and scanned their brains using functional magnetic resonance imaging. In one trial, people were asked not to try too hard and just report the most obvious story suggested by the words. In another, they were asked to be inventive. He also varied the words so it was easier or harder to link them. As people tried harder and came up with more creative tales, there was a lot more activity in a particular prefrontal brain region on the right-hand side. These regions are probably important in monitoring for conflict, helping us to filter out many of the unhelpful ways of combining the words and allowing us to pull out just the ones that might work, Howard-Jones suggests. It shows that there is another side to creativity, he says. The story-making task, particularly when we are stretched, produces many options which we have to assess. So part of creativity is a conscious process of evaluating and analysing ideas. The test also shows that the more we try and are stretched, the more creative our minds can be.

H. And creativity need not always be a solitary, tortured affair, according to Teresa Amabile of Harvard Business School. Though there is a slight association between solitary writing or painting and negative moods or emotional disturbances, scientific creativity and workplace creativity seem much more likely to occur when people are positive and buoyant. In a decade-long study of real businesses, to be published soon, Amabile found that positive moods relate positively to creativity in organisations and that the relationship is a simple linear one. Creative thought also improves people’s moods, her team found, so the process is circular. Time pressures, financial pressures and hard-earned bonus schemes, on the other hand, do not boost workplace creativity – internal motivation, not coercion, produces the best work.

I. Another often forgotten aspect of creativity is social. Vera John-Steiner of the University of New Mexico says that to be really creative you need strong social networks and trusting relationships, not just active neural networks. One vital characteristic of a highly creative person, she says, is that they have at least one other person in their life who doesn’t think they are completely nuts.

Questions 1–4

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the Reading Passage? In boxes 1–4 on your answer sheet, write TRUE if the statement is true, FALSE if the statement is false, NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage.

1

High IQ guarantees more ability to create in one person than one with an average score.

2

For a competitive society, individuals’ language proficiency is more important than other abilities.

3

A wider range of resources and knowledge can be integrated into bringing about creative approaches.

4

A creative person does not necessarily suffer more mental illness.

Questions 5–9

Use the information in the passage to match the people (A-F) with the opinions or deeds below. Write the appropriate letters A-F in boxes 5–9 on your answer sheet.

A. Jamison B. Jordan Peterson C. Guy Claxton D. Howard-Jones E. Teresa Amabile F. Vera John-Steiner
5

Instead of producing a negative mood, a shift of mood state might be the one important factor in inducing creative thinking.

6

Where the more positive moods individuals achieve, there is higher creativity in organizations.

7

Good interpersonal relationships and trust contribute to a person with more creativity.

8

Creativity demands different kinds of thinking that can be easily changed back and forth.

9

A certain creative mind can be upgraded if we are put into more practice in assessing and processing ideas.

Questions 10–13

In boxes 10–13 on your answer sheet, write the correct answer with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS. In 1978, Colin Martindale made records of the pattern of brain waves as people made up stories by applying a system constituted of many (10) ____. Two phases of mind-state such as (11) ____ are found. While people were still planning their stories, their brains showed little active sign and the mental activity was showing a very relaxed state as the same sort of brain activity as in sleep, dreaming or relaxing. However, the experiment proved the signal of (12) ____ went down and the brain became busier, revealing increased cortical arousal when these people who are in a laid-back state were required to produce their stories. Strikingly, it was found that the people who were perceived to have the greatest (13) ____ in brain activity between two stages, produced storylines with the highest level of creativity.

10

...made records of the pattern of brain waves ... by applying a system constituted of many (10) ____.

11

Two phases of mind-state such as (11) ____ are found.

12

...the experiment proved the signal of (12) ____ went down and the brain became busier...

13

...the people who were perceived to have the greatest (13) ____ in brain activity between two stages, produced storylines with the highest level of creativity.

Từ vựng 174 từ

  • /kriˈeɪtɪvɪti/
    Sự sáng tạo
  • /ɪˈluːsɪv/
    Khó nắm bắt
  • /ˌdiːkənˈstrʌkt/
    Phân tích
  • /ɪɡˈnaɪt/
    Kích thích, khơi nguồn
  • /spɑːk/
    Tia lửa
  • /ˈprəʊses/
    Quá trình
  • /fɔːm/
    Hình thành
  • /aɪˈdɪə/
    Ý tưởng
  • /ˌnjʊərəʊˈsaɪəntɪst/
    Nhà khoa học thần kinh
  • Universal /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəl/ mở rộng
    Phổ quát, toàn cầu
  • Formation /fɔːˈmeɪʃən/ mở rộng
    Sự hình thành
  • /ˈɑːtɪst/
    Nghệ sĩ
  • /ˈsaɪəntɪst/
    Nhà khoa học
  • /dɪˈvɛləpmənt/
    Sự phát triển
  • Cognition /kɒɡˈnɪʃən/ mở rộng
    Nhận thức
  • Intrinsic /ɪnˈtrɪnsɪk/ mở rộng
    Bản chất vốn có
  • Implicit /ɪmˈplɪsɪt/ mở rộng
    Ngầm hiểu
  • Elicit /ɪˈlɪsɪt/ mở rộng
    Gợi ra
  • Stimulate /ˈstɪmjʊleɪt/ mở rộng
    Kích thích
  • Manifest /ˈmænɪfɛst/ mở rộng
    Thể hiện
  • Conception /kənˈsɛpʃən/ mở rộng
    Khái niệm
  • Synergy /ˈsɪnədʒi/ mở rộng
    Sự phối hợp
  • /ɪnˈtɛlɪdʒəns/
    Trí thông minh
  • /ˈsʌtl/
    Tinh tế
  • /aɪˈkjuː/
    Chỉ số IQ
  • /kriˈeɪtɪv/
    Sáng tạo
  • /skɪlz/
    Kỹ năng
  • /lɪŋk/
    Liên hệ
  • /ˈævərɪdʒli/
    Ở mức trung bình
  • /səˈfɪʃənt/
    Đủ
  • /ˈdɪsəplɪn/
    Lĩnh vực, kỷ luật
  • /buːst/
    Tăng cường
  • /ˈtɛstɪŋ/
    Kiểm tra
  • Subtlety /ˈsʌtlti/ mở rộng
    Sự tinh tế
  • Correlation /ˌkɒrəˈleɪʃən/ mở rộng
    Sự tương quan
  • Parameter /pəˈræmɪtər/ mở rộng
    Thông số
  • Necessity /nɪˈsɛsəti/ mở rộng
    Sự cần thiết
  • Insufficiency /ˌɪnsəˈfɪʃənsi/ mở rộng
    Sự không đủ
  • /ˈkɒɡnɪtɪv/
    Nhận thức
  • Moderately /ˈmɒdərətli/ mở rộng
    Ở mức vừa phải
  • Skillset /ˈskɪlˌsɛt/ mở rộng
    Bộ kỹ năng
  • Assessment /əˈsɛsmənt/ mở rộng
    Đánh giá
  • /pərˈsɒnəlɪti/
    Tính cách
  • /iːsˈθɛtɪk/
    Thẩm mỹ
  • /rɪˈzɔːs/
    Tài nguyên
  • /ˌriːkəmˈbaɪn/
    Tái tổ hợp
  • /ˈnɒvəl/
    Mới lạ
  • /kəmˈplɛksɪti/
    Sự phức tạp
  • /ˈkɒnflɪkt/
    Xung đột
  • /sɛlf ˈməʊtɪveɪtɪd/
    Tự thúc đẩy
  • /əbˈsɛsɪv/
    Ám ảnh
  • /ˈɪrɪteɪtɪd/
    Bực bội
  • /əˈtɛmpt/
    Nỗ lực
  • Concentrate /ˈkɒnsəntreɪt/ mở rộng
    Tập trung
  • /ˈspɛʃəlɪst/
    Chuyên gia
  • /væljuː/
    Giá trị
  • /brɔːd/
    Rộng rãi
  • /ˈɪntrɪst/
    Sở thích
  • /ˈnɒlɪdʒ/
    Kiến thức
  • /ˈhændl/
    Xử lý
  • /ˈtɒlərənt/
    Khoan dung
  • /kənˈfjuːʒən/
    Sự bối rối
  • /praɪs tuː peɪ/
    Giá phải trả
  • /kriˈeɪtɪv pərˈsɒnəlɪti/
    Tính cách sáng tạo
  • /ˈmɛntl ˈɪlnəs/
    Bệnh tâm thần
  • /saɪˈkætrɪst/
    Bác sĩ tâm thần
  • /ɪˈstæblɪʃt/
    Được công nhận
  • /muːd dɪsˈɔːdə/
    Rối loạn tâm trạng
  • /ˈtrɪɡər/
    Kích hoạt
  • /ˈnɛɡətɪv/
    Tiêu cực
  • /ˈtʃænəl/
    Dẫn dắt
  • /daɪˈvɜːdʒənt/
    Khác biệt
  • Cost /kɒst/ mở rộng
    Chi phí
  • /ˈsɛntʃəriz/
    Hàng thế kỷ
  • /ˈɪlnəs/
    Bệnh tật
  • /səˈdʒɛst/
    Gợi ý
  • /steɪt/
    Trạng thái
  • /kiː/
    Chìa khóa
  • /ɪˈməʊʃənl/
    Tình cảm
  • /kəmˈbaɪnd/
    Kết hợp
  • /ˈlætərəl/
    Ngang, bên cạnh
  • /ˈmɛkənɪzəm/
    Cơ chế
  • /saɪˈkɒlədʒɪst/
    Nhà tâm lý học
  • /aɪˈdɛntɪfaɪd/
    Xác định
  • /ˈstɪmjʊlaɪ/
    Kích thích
  • /blɒk/
    Chặn lại
  • /ɪɡˈnɔːr/
    Bỏ qua
  • /ˈleɪtənt ɪnˌhɪbɪʃən/
    Ức chế tiềm ẩn
  • /ˈwɜːkɪŋ ˈmɛməri/
    Trí nhớ làm việc
  • /ˌpɒsəˈbɪləti/
    Khả năng
  • /ˈəʊpən/
    Cởi mở
  • /ˈɪnkʌmɪŋ/
    Đến
  • /ˈsɛnsɪz/
    Giác quan
  • /kənˈtɪnjʊəsli/
    Liên tục
  • /mæs/
    Lượng lớn
  • /ˈdʒʌɡl/
    Xử lý, cân bằng
  • /ˈdeɪtə/
    Dữ liệu
  • /ˌpɒsəˈbɪlɪtiz/
    Các khả năng
  • /ˈdaʊnˌsaɪd/
    Nhược điểm
  • /ˌpriːrɪˈkwɪzɪt/
    Điều kiện tiên quyết
  • /kriˈeɪtɪv ækt/
    Hành động sáng tạo
  • /breɪn weɪvz/
    Sóng não
  • /ɪˌlɛktrəʊɛnˈsɛfəɡræm/
    Điện não đồ
  • /ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃən/
    Cảm hứng
  • /ɪˌlæbəˈreɪʃən/
    Phát triển ý tưởng
  • /ˈæl.fə weɪvz/
    Sóng alpha
  • /ˈkɔːtɪkəl əˈraʊzəl/
    Kích thích vỏ não
  • /rɪˌlækˈseɪʃən/
    Thư giãn
  • /ˈɔːɡənaɪzd/
    Có tổ chức
  • /ˈmɛntl flɛksɪˈbɪləti/
    Tính linh hoạt tinh thần
  • /ˈstʌdi/
    Nghiên cứu
  • /ˈnɛtwɜːk/
    Mạng lưới
  • /skælp ɪˈlɛktrədz/
    Điện cực da đầu
  • /rɪˈkɔːd/
    Ghi lại
  • /ˈpætərn/
    Mẫu, mô hình
  • /ˈdriːmɪŋ/
    Mơ mộng
  • /kəˈnɛkʃənz/
    Sự kết nối
  • /steɪts əv maɪnd/
    Trạng thái tâm trí
  • /ʃɪft ɡɪər/
    Thay đổi trạng thái
  • /kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃən/
    Giao tiếp
  • /ˈæspekt/
    Khía cạnh
  • /ɪnˈvɛntɪv/
    Sáng tạo
  • fMRI /ˌɛfˈɑːrˌɛmˈaɪ/ mở rộng
    Chụp cộng hưởng từ chức năng
  • /ˈtraɪəl/
    Thử nghiệm
  • /ˈɒbvɪəs/
    Rõ ràng
  • /ˌpriːˈfrʌntl/
    Tiền trán
  • /ˈfɪltər/
    Lọc bỏ
  • Evaluate /ɪˈvæljueɪt/ mở rộng
    Đánh giá
  • Narrative /ˈnærətɪv/ mở rộng
    Câu chuyện
  • /əˈsɛs/
    Đánh giá
  • /ˈkɒnʃəs/
    Có ý thức
  • /ˈænəlaɪzɪŋ/
    Phân tích
  • /ˈɒpʃənz/
    Lựa chọn
  • /ækˈtɪvɪti/
    Hoạt động
  • /ˈmɒnɪtərɪŋ/
    Giám sát
  • /kəmˈbaɪnɪŋ/
    Kết hợp
  • Inventiveness /ɪnˈvɛntɪvnəs/ mở rộng
    Sự sáng tạo
  • /ˈsɒlɪtəri/
    Cô đơn
  • /ˈtɔːtʃəd/
    Khổ sở
  • /əˈfɛər/
    Vụ việc
  • /ɪˈməʊʃənl dɪsˈtɜːbəns/
    Rối loạn cảm xúc
  • /ˈbɔɪənt/
    Phấn khích
  • /ˈdɛkeɪd lɒŋ/
    Suốt thập kỷ
  • /ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃən/
    Tổ chức
  • /ˈsɜːkjələr/
    Tuần hoàn
  • /kəʊˈɜːʃən/
    Ép buộc
  • /ˈwɜːkpleɪs/
    Nơi làm việc
  • /ˌməʊtɪˈveɪʃən/
    Động lực
  • /ˈpɒzətɪv/
    Tích cực
  • /əˌsəʊsiˈeɪʃən/
    Mối liên hệ
  • /saɪənˈtɪfɪk/
    Khoa học
  • /ˈbəʊnəs/
    Thưởng
  • /ˈprɛʃər/
    Áp lực
  • /faɪˈnænʃəl/
    Tài chính
  • /ɪnˈtɜːnəl/
    Nội bộ
  • Improvement /ɪmˈpruːvmənt/ mở rộng
    Sự cải thiện
  • /fərˈɡɒtn/
    Bị lãng quên
  • /ˈsəʊʃəl/
    Xã hội
  • /ˈnɛtwɜːks/
    Mạng lưới
  • /ˈtrʌstɪŋ/
    Tin cậy
  • /rɪˈleɪʃənʃɪps/
    Mối quan hệ
  • /ˈæktɪv/
    Chủ động
  • /ˈnjʊərəl/
    Liên quan đến não
  • /ˌkærəktəˈrɪstɪk/
    Đặc điểm
  • /nʌts/
    Điên cuồng
  • /ˈvaɪtl/
    Thiết yếu
  • /ˈhaɪli/
    Rất
  • /ˈpɜːsən/
    Người
  • Forget /fəˈɡɛt/ mở rộng
    Quên
  • /ˈsəʊʃəl ˈnɛtwɜːk/
    Mạng xã hội
  • /trʌst/
    Niềm tin
  • Bond /bɒnd/ mở rộng
    Sự gắn kết
  • Collaboration /kəˌlæbəˈreɪʃən/ mở rộng
    Sự hợp tác
  • Interaction /ˌɪntərˈækʃən/ mở rộng
    Sự tương tác

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