Bài mở rộng vốn từ hai chủ đề Time (thời gian) và Work (công việc) ở trình độ nâng cao, tập trung vào các từ dễ nhầm, collocations, phrasal verbs và thành ngữ.
temporary (tạm thời), timely (đúng lúc), seasonal (theo mùa), punctual (đúng giờ), simultaneous (đồng thời), obsolete (lỗi thời), provisional (tạm thời), overdue (quá hạn). Phân biệt lapse/elapse (thời gian trôi qua), spell/stint/span/phase (khoảng/giai đoạn), contemporaries (người cùng thời), decade (thập kỷ), lifetime (đời người).
multinational corporation (tập đoàn đa quốc gia), executive (giám đốc điều hành), consultant (chuyên gia tư vấn), make sb redundant / lay off (cho thôi việc do dôi dư), headhunt (chiêu mộ nhân tài), recruit (tuyển dụng), civil service, public sector, trade union, prospects for promotion (triển vọng thăng tiến).
be snowed under (ngập trong công việc), wind down (thu hẹp dần), press ahead (cứ tiến hành), crop up (bất chợt nảy sinh), tide sb over (giúp cầm cự), knock off (tan làm), tuck in (bắt đầu ăn). Nhóm -away chỉ hành động kéo dài không ngừng: beaver/hammer/plod/slave away. Collocations: in office, for hours on end, of age, out of a job, by the time.
abrupt, anachronism, annual, antique, century, chronological, contemporary, decade, duration, elapse, era, eternal, expire, frequency, instantaneous, interim, interval, lapse, lifetime, long-standing, millennium, obsolete, overdue, period, permanent, phase, postpone, prior, prompt, provisional, punctual, seasonal, simultaneous, spare, spell, stint, subsequent, temporary, timely, vintage
civil service, client, colleague, consultant, effective, efficient, executive, fire, headhunt, leave, marketing, multinational, promotion, prospects, public/private sector, recruit, redundant, sack, strike, union
crop up, dive in, end up, kick off, knock off, knuckle down, lay off, lie ahead, make up, press ahead/on, set out, snow under, take on, tide over, while away, wind down
about/on time, ages, at/by/from the age of, course (run its course, in due course), end (come to an end, on end), moment (take/be a moment, at the moment, moment of truth), never mind, office (head office, public office), start (make a start, get off to a start), term (in the long/short term), work (work like magic, the tools of the trade), year (for years, year on year)
a stitch in time (saves nine), all in good time, at the drop of a hat, before your time, for good, for the time being, from time to time, in/for donkey's years, in the nick of time, once in a blue moon, on the spur of the moment, the other day
antique → antiquated; compete → competitive, competitor; employ → employer, employee, unemployment; end → endless, unending; event → eventuality; expect → expectation; future → futuristic; history → historian; incident → coincidence, coincidental; last → outlast, everlasting; moment → momentous; period → periodically; produce → productivity; time → timeless, untimely; work → workforce, overworked
obsolete • overdue • provisional • punctual • seasonal • simultaneous • temporary • timely
1 I'll only be working here for a couple of weeks. I'm a ______ worker.
2 It couldn't have happened at a better time! What a ______ arrival!
3 It depends on the time of year. It's a ______ problem.
4 I get to work at nine o'clock on the dot every day. I try to be ______.
5 We both said it at exactly the same time. Our answer was ______.
6 We can't use that software on our new computers. It's ______.
7 It's the first draft of the text. We can change it later if we want. It's only ______.
8 They should have sent that to us ages ago. It's long ______.
century • era • frequency • millennium • phase • span • spell • stint
1 We live in a/an ______ of mass communication.
2 After a short ______ of being unemployed, I decided to set up my own business.
3 It was in the twentieth ______ that humans first developed nuclear weapons.
4 Despite advances in technology, no human being will ever live for a ______, in my opinion.
5 The council is planning to increase the ______ of buses to the city centre.
6 I did a brief ______ in the navy, and then decided it wasn't for me.
7 I've got a very short concentration ______.
8 It's just a ______ that most teenagers go through. Don't worry!
A letter from Robert Thompson about his car club membership.
(1) I am writing to thank the organisation for the ______ service I received…
(2) …when my membership ______.
(3) I am a ______ member of the Chasworth…
(4) …the Chasworth ______ Car Club…
(5) …having spent most of my ______ working with cars…
(6) …cars built in the ______ following the First World War.
(7) …I had been granted the status of ______ member…
(8) …for the ______ I spent as Chairperson of the organisation in the 1970s.
(9) …I was more than a little surprised to receive a/an ______ email…
(10) …saying that as three months had ______…
(11) …I was no longer eligible to attend the ______ dinner next month.
(12) I received a ______ email from the same person, apologising…
(13) …the change from my being a non-member to being a member again was literally ______.
(14) I am now looking forward to meeting up with some of my ______ at the dinner.
1 Would you like to work for a large ______ corporation? (marketing / multinational)
2 How much budget is there for the ______ campaign? (marketing / multinational)
3 Charlene is a freelance business ______; companies hire her to solve particular problems they are facing. (consultant / executive)
4 My dad's a senior ______ in a huge American corporation. (consultant / executive)
5 The advertising campaign was ______ in that it increased sales by over 50%. (effective / efficient)
6 Robots are often much more ______ than people because they can work 24 hours a day. (effective / efficient)
7 The paper had to make several journalists ______ last week due to loss of sales. (leave / redundant)
8 Darren's home on ______ from the army at the moment. (leave / redundant)
9 How long is the union planning to ______ for? (fire / strike)
10 They wouldn't ______ someone just for stealing a bit of stationery, would they? (fire / strike)
11 Sue used to work here, but then she was ______ by a major law firm. (headhunted / sacked)
12 I can't believe they ______ Jack just for taking a few paperclips home. (headhunted / sacked)
A job advert for the civil service.
(1) Why not consider a career in the ______ service?
(2) Working in the public ______ provides job security…
(3) There are excellent ______ for…
(4) …excellent prospects for ______…
(5) You'll be working with highly experienced and professional ______.
(6) We also respect our staff's right to be part of a ______.
(7) We want to ______ the brightest and the best.
1 I'm so ______ under with work at the moment – it's awful!
2 The company's announced it's ______ off over 1,000 workers.
3 They're planning to ______ down their operation in Greece.
4 I'm not sure if I'm doing it right, but I'll try to ______ ahead with it anyway.
5 Something's ______ up, so I'm afraid I won't be able to make it this afternoon.
6 Could you lend me some money to ______ me over to the end of the month?
7 I didn't ______ out to be a millionaire – I just wanted to run a successful business.
8 Mona says she'll ______ up the hours tomorrow.
dive in • end up • kick off • knock off • knuckle down • lie ahead • take on • while away
1 If the business does well, I'll hopefully be able to ______ a part-time assistant in the spring.
2 We ______ having to scrap the whole advertising campaign and start again.
3 Let's ______ this session by introducing ourselves, shall we?
4 Josh can ______ a whole day playing online computer games with his mates.
5 No teenager really knows what ______ for them career-wise in the future.
6 That's enough TV! It's time to ______ and get on with your homework now.
7 I usually ______ work at about half five so I'm home by six thirty most nights.
8 As soon as the food was brought out, everyone ______ and helped themselves.
Choose Yes if the phrasal verb means 'continuing an action for a long time', or No if it does not.
1 Mary was beavering away at her desk when I last popped in.
2 Let's break away from the main crowd and go over there for a while.
3 You can't explain it away as a simple mistake.
4 I think I'll give these old clothes away.
5 My fingers are tired! I've been hammering away at this keyboard for hours.
6 I'm sorry to tell you that your great-grandfather passed away during the night.
7 Keep plodding away and you'll finish your novel eventually.
8 Can we have a break? We've been slaving away all morning.
9 We can hear Carol typing away at her keyboard from the living room.
10 Don't disturb your father. He's working away on some designs at the moment.
1 The President's just been elected to a second term ______ office.
2 I don't know how anyone can sit in front of a computer for hours ______ end.
3 My great-grandmother used to work ______ a servant in a huge mansion.
4 My exam results should come ______ day now.
5 Applicants must be at least 18 years ______ age.
6 You'd better start working a bit harder or you'll be ______ of a job!
7 Never ______ you get paid for it or not, you can't work this weekend.
8 ______ the time Jeremy got there, we'd already left.
Do not change the word given.
1 The government needs to stop this ridiculous bureaucratic system. put
The government needs to ______ this ridiculous bureaucratic system.
2 No one except Jake has ever beaten me at a game of chess. only
Jake ______ beat me at a game of chess.
3 It's time we began to sort through these cupboards. start
It's time we ______ through these cupboards.
4 Julie asked for a second's thinking time before she answered. just
'Could ______ think before I answer?' asked Julie.
5 I can't really remember the last time I had a day off. ages
It feels ______ I had a day off.
6 Sorry, Alan, but right now I'm rather busy. in
Sorry, Alan, but at ______ I'm rather busy.
7 They painted the wall very well. made
They ______ the wall.
1 Jenny, ______ you've been here for three years, we need to start thinking about your promotion. / I'm sure Harold was here just ______, wasn't he? / You can share my computer for ______, but they'll have to get you your own quite soon.
2 Thanks so much for the flowers – they really made my ______. / My grandparents love going on ______ trips to towns by the sea. / You'd think that, in this ______ and age, a 25 year old would know what a blog is.
3 I was just ______ to go home, but that's okay. / It's ______ time you got home – we've been worried sick! / We're definitely going to have to do something ______ increasing our market share.
4 I should get a reply from them any ______ now. / It'll only take them a ______ to update the website. / Now is the ______ of truth!
5 We're definitely living in the ______ of information. / This particular wine doesn't really mature with ______. / It's time you started acting your ______, young man!
6 It's just a typical 1960s ______ block. / The media start prying into your private life when you run for public ______. / You'd better talk to Derek at head ______.
7 I began to realise in the ______ of the meeting that my proposal was not going to be accepted. / We're going to have to decide on a ______ of action to take. / All they said was that they'd contact me in due ______.
8 I do hope we're going to arrive ______ time. / Jim bet me that Doug was going to get the sack so I immediately said: 'You're ______!' / How anyone could work in that office for years ______ end I just don't know.
Type only the corrected word (not the full idiom).
1 I haven't seen Carol in monkey's years.
2 That was long before your moment.
3 I was talking to Sandra the recent day and she didn't mention redundancies.
4 I realised in the ball of time.
5 Tina's happy with her job for the time coming.
6 The boss might take you out for a meal once in a blue planet.
7 Sheila says she's given up smoking with good.
8 I get to go on business trips from once to time.
9 I invited Graham to dinner on the edge of the moment.
10 I'll be there at the drop of a pen!
11 'Have you finished the reports yet?' 'Not yet. All at good time!'
12 You know what they say: 'a repair in time saves nine'.
1 The salary they offered me exceeded my wildest expecting!
2 I hope I last his previous secretary – she only worked here for a week!
3 Once you've been self-employed for a while, it's very difficult to become just another company employer again.
4 Hargreaves & Son are one of our main competitions.
5 There were over 100 appliers for the position, apparently.
6 Your supervisor will be checking up on you period.
7 If this project's successful, the possibilities for expansion are unending.
8 A good business suit is timely – it never goes out of fashion.
9 The building looks a bit future from the outside but it's quite traditional inside.
10 You have to be prepared for every event in this line of work.
11 Getting angry with your boss is productive because it'll just make a bad situation worse.
counteract • counterattack • counterbalance • counterculture • counterintelligence • countermeasures • counteroffensive • counterpart
1 As a spy during the war, I was often involved in ______, where we tried to stop the enemy from discovering our secrets.
2 The government will have to take some ______ to stop inflation from increasing.
3 The reports by independent journalists will hopefully ______ the government's inaccurate propaganda.
4 The army's planning to mount a ______ later today.
5 You'll have to speak to my ______ in the New York office.
6 We have to ______ this rise in crime by toughening up the sentencing laws.
7 I'm not interested in mainstream art; I'm far more concerned with art produced in the ______.
8 If he accuses me of lying, I'm going to ______ by saying I know he lied about the sales figures.
Use the word given in capitals to form a word that fits in the space.
It is no (1) ______ that, during her premiership, Britain went through a period of… (INCIDENT)
…a period of (2) ______ change. (MOMENT)
…changing Britain's (3) ______ union laws and smashing union power… (ANTIQUE)
…for the creation of a modern, (4) ______ economy… (COMPETE)
…which required much higher (5) ______, efficiency and wage restraint… (PRODUCE)
…on the part of the (6) ______ than in the past. (WORK)
One of her core beliefs was that it was (7) ______ which was responsible… (MANAGE)
Critics point to the very high (8) ______ figures of the 1980s… (EMPLOY)
…the official (9) ______ total had risen from just over one million… (JOB)
Some saw her resignation as (10) ______ and wished she would continue. (TIME)
Even today, (11) ______ and economists are divided as to whether her legacy was positive. (HISTORY)
Use the word given in capitals to form a word that fits in the space.
(1) ______ at Shepparton Carpets Ltd voted today to continue with their industrial action. (WORK)
…will continue to refuse to work (2) ______ until this dispute is settled. (TIME)
We urge (3) ______ to reconsider their proposals. (MANAGE)
…has affected (4) ______ at the factory. (PRODUCE)
…it has to become more (5) ______. (COMPETE)
It is my responsibility as an (6) ______… (EMPLOY)
…of over 500 (7) ______… (EMPLOY)
…continues to make a profit, (8) ______… (PERIOD)
…are, frankly, (9) ______… (ANTIQUE)
…and totally (10) ______ to the modern world. (APPLY)
11 That medicine was very effective and I started to feel better immediately. magic
That medicine ______ and I started to feel better immediately.
12 The day started really well when we heard that Bob had been given his own TV series. flying
The day ______ when we heard that Bob had been given his own TV series.
13 I do like this job, but I sometimes wonder if I've chosen the right career path. again
I do like this job, but ______ I wonder if I've chosen the right career path.
14 The headmaster was determined to stop all bullying at the school. end
The headmaster was determined to ______ to all bullying at the school.
15 No one nowadays believes in witches, do they? age
No one ______ believes in witches, do they?
16 We were just about to leave for the airport when we heard all planes had been grounded. point
We were ______ for the airport when we heard all planes had been grounded.
17 I'll just finish this e-mail and then I'll be with you. second
It ______ finish this e-mail and then I'll be with you.
18 Ralph would hand in his resignation immediately if he could find a better job. hat
Ralph would hand in his resignation ______ if he could find a better job.
19 Are you really snowed ______ with work at the moment?
20 Could you lend me five euros to tide me ______ until I get my pocket money?
21 Something's cropped ______ so I'm afraid we'll have to postpone the meeting.
22 We'd better not take ______ any more staff until sales increase.
23 I can easily while the whole afternoon ______ reading a good book.
24 What time does Jenny usually knock ______ from work?
25 The Prime Minister is determined to press ______ with the changes despite concerns from his own MPs.
26 Over 3,000 workers were laid ______ when the company moved its factory abroad.
Type correct if the bold phrase is right; otherwise type the corrected phrase.
27 This time next week I'll laze around at home.
28 Do you think you'll have got the computer set up by the time I arrive?
29 Will I get something for dinner when I go to the shop, Angie?
30 Sandy won't know which university she's going to until she'll get her exam results.
31 Watch out! That car's reversing!
32 When I grow up, I'm being a pop star!
33 Once we get your blood test results, we decide on the best course of action.
34 We do change trains at Birmingham tomorrow, actually.
35 At the end of the month, Sarah ______ in government for exactly 40 years.
36 The film is ______ released at the end of next year.
37 We'd just been informed that Nick ______ the new Managing Director.
38 'Would you pick the kids up from school this afternoon?' 'No, I'm afraid I ______.'
39 Toby's extremely ______; he turns up every day at nine o'clock on the dot.
40 Have you considered applying for a job with the ______ service?
41 Too many people work in the public ______ in this country, in my opinion.
42 Most teenagers go through a rebellious ______ for a few years but they soon grow out of it.
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