Unit 36: Nature and the universe
Từ vựng Nature and the universe
📘 Giải thích tiếng Việt
Chủ đề: Thiên nhiên và vũ trụ
Bài này gồm từ vựng về thời tiết, môi trường, động vật và không gian. Một số từ khoá: climate (khí hậu), heatwave (đợt nắng nóng), forecast (dự báo), lightning (tia chớp), thunder (sấm), species (loài), mammal (động vật có vú), reptile (bò sát), wildlife (động vật hoang dã), extinct (tuyệt chủng), recycle (tái chế), pollution (ô nhiễm).
Vũ trụ
solar system (hệ mặt trời), planet (hành tinh), satellite (vệ tinh, ví dụ mặt trăng), environment (môi trường), origin (nguồn gốc). Ví dụ: The moon goes round the Earth so it's a satellite.
Cụm động từ (phrasal verbs)
blow up = nổ; build up = tăng lên; clear up = dọn dẹp; go out = (lửa) tắt; keep out = ngăn không cho vào; put out = dập tắt; put up = treo lên; put down = đặt xuống.
Cấu tạo từ (word formation)
Cùng một gốc từ có thể tạo nhiều dạng: danger → dangerous, deep → depth, destroy → destruction, nature → natural, pollute → pollution, centre → central, circle → circular. Chú ý chọn đúng dạng (danh từ, tính từ...) theo ngữ cảnh câu.
Cụm giới từ hay gặp
Các tính từ, động từ, danh từ đi kèm giới từ cố định: afraid of, aware of, short of, serious about, enthusiastic about, worry about, escape from, prevent sb from, save sth from, damage to, an increase in. Cần học thuộc để dùng đúng.
Theory
Topic vocabulary
| amazing (adj) | lightning (n) | recycle (v) |
| climate (n) | litter (v, n) | reptile (n) |
| countryside (n) | local (adj) | rescue (v, n) |
| environment (n) | locate (v) | satellite (n) |
| extinct (adj) | mammal (n) | shower (n) |
| forecast (v, n) | mild (adj) | solar system (n phr) |
| freezing (adj) | origin (n) | species (n) |
| global (adj) | planet (n) | thunder (n) |
| heatwave (n) | preserve (v) | wild (adj) |
| insect (n) | wildlife (n) |
Phrasal verbs
| Phrasal verb | Meaning |
|---|---|
| blow up | explode |
| build up | increase |
| clear up | tidy |
| go out | stop burning |
| keep out | prevent from entering |
| put down | stop holding |
| put out | make something stop burning |
| put up | put something on a wall (eg, a picture) |
Prepositional phrases
Word formation
| Base word | Derived forms |
|---|---|
| centre | central |
| circle | circular |
| danger | dangerous |
| deep | deeply, depth |
| destroy | destruction, destructive |
| fog | foggy |
| garden | gardener, gardening |
| invade | invasion, invader |
| nature | natural, naturally |
| pollute | pollution, polluted |
Word patterns
| Type | Patterns |
|---|---|
| adjectives | afraid of • aware of • enthusiastic about • serious about • short of |
| verbs | escape from • prevent sb from • save sth from • think about • worry about |
| nouns | damage to • an increase in |
Exercise A — Topic vocabulary
Complete using the words in the boxes.
Exercise B — Topic vocabulary
Write one word in each gap. The first letter is given to help you.
Exercise C — Topic vocabulary
Each of the words in bold is in the wrong sentence. Write the correct word.
Exercise D — Phrasal verbs
Match to make sentences. Write the letter (A–H) for each number.
B down and then I'll help you with the tent.
C up the old bridge with dynamite.
D up a lot round here over recent years.
E Out' on the gate.
F up this rubbish and put it in the bin.
G out unless we put some more wood on.
H out the forest fire?
Exercise E — Prepositional phrases
Complete using the word given. Write between two and four words.
Exercise F — Word formation
One of the words in each sentence is in the wrong form. Write the correct word.
Exercise G — Word patterns
Write one word in each gap.
EarthWatch
the environmental organisation that caresAre you worried (1) __________ our planet?
We at EarthWatch care about the damage that's being done (2) __________ our environment. We're aware (3) __________ the problems that this damage will cause in the future, and we believe that we're extremely short (4) __________ time. If we don't act soon, it will be too late!
There's been an increase (5) __________ all kinds of pollution in the past hundred years. This pollution is destroying the ozone layer, and creating global warming. We've got to prevent people (6) __________ polluting the planet further. It's not going to be easy to save the Earth (7) __________ destruction, but we have to try.
If you're afraid (8) __________ what might happen if we don't all change our ways, if you're serious (9) __________ helping to save the world, if you're enthusiastic (10) __________ fighting for the only planet we've got, then we want to hear from you!
Think (11) __________ it! You can't escape (12) __________ the facts. The Earth is in danger and it's going to take every single one of us to help save it. Join us today!
