📘 Giải thích tiếng Việt
wish là gì?
Dùng wish để nói về những điều KHÔNG có thật nhưng ta mong muốn nó có thật. Thì và động từ khiếm khuyết đi sau wish thay đổi tùy theo ý nghĩa.
wish + quá khứ đơn (ước ở hiện tại)
Ước về tình huống ở hiện tại hoặc nói chung, trái với thực tế. Hình thức: wish + past simple. Ví dụ: I wish I had a telescope. (Ước gì tôi có kính thiên văn — thực tế là không có.) Với động từ be có thể dùng was (thân mật) hoặc were (trang trọng).
wish + quá khứ hoàn thành (ước về quá khứ)
Tiếc nuối về một việc đã (không) xảy ra trong quá khứ. Hình thức: wish + past perfect. Ví dụ: I wish they hadn't cut down so many trees. (Ước gì họ đã không chặt nhiều cây đến vậy.)
wish + would + động từ nguyên thể
Dùng để phàn nàn, phê phán hành động của người/vật khác mà ta muốn họ thay đổi. Ví dụ: I wish you wouldn't smoke in here. (Ước gì bạn đừng hút thuốc ở đây.) Lưu ý: KHÔNG dùng would cho điều ước về chính mình.
wish + could + động từ nguyên thể
Ước về khả năng hoặc sự cho phép ở hiện tại/tương lai. Ví dụ: I wish I could travel through time! (Ước gì tôi có thể du hành thời gian.)
if only và hope
If only dùng giống wish nhưng nhấn mạnh hơn: If only I were an astronaut. Với điều CÓ THỂ xảy ra trong tương lai, dùng hope chứ không dùng wish: I hope it doesn't snow tomorrow.
Theory
wish
We use the verb wish to talk about situations which are not real, but which we would like to be real. We use wish with different tenses and modals depending on what we want to say.
| Use | Tense / modal | Example |
|---|---|---|
| To express wishes about now or generally | wish + past simple | Carl wishes he had a telescope. I wish I wasn't scared of spiders. |
| To express wishes about the past | wish + past perfect simple | Tracy wishes she'd seen that programme about the moon last night. I wish they hadn't cut down so many trees. |
| To criticise other people, or to complain about something | wish + would + bare infinitive | I wish people would throw their litter in the bin and not on the ground! I wish you wouldn't smoke in here. |
| To express wishes about ability and permission now or in the future | wish + could + bare infinitive | I wish I could travel through time! David wishes he could come with us, but his parents won't let him. |
✓ I wish I was an astronaut. (more informal)
✓ I wish I were an astronaut. (more formal)
✓ If only I was/were an astronaut.
✓ I wish I lived on Mars.
✗ I wish I would live on Mars.
✓ I hope it doesn't snow tomorrow.
✗ I wish it doesn't snow tomorrow.
Exercise A
Complete using the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Exercise B
Complete using the correct form of the verbs in the box. You may have to use some negative forms.
Exercise C
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences.
Exercise D
The words in bold in each sentence are wrong. Write the correct word or phrase.
Exercise E
Choose the correct answer.
Exercise F
Circle the correct word or phrase.
26th April 3500I wish today (1) has / had never happened! If only I (2) could / would start the day again, I'd do everything differently. Why did I forget to set the alarm last night? I really wish I (3) haven't / hadn't done that! I also wish I (4) live / lived nearer the Earth. It takes such a long time to get there from Mars – especially when the traffic is bad. (5) If only / Only if I (6) have / had a faster spaceship. Anyway, the point is, I was late for my job interview. The first question they asked was why I wanted to be an Environmental Officer on the moon. Do you know what I said? Because I really wanted to look at the aliens in the Super Alien Zoo. Oh, I wish I (7) didn't say / hadn't said that. Why am I so stupid? I (8) wish / hope now that I'd never applied for the job in the first place. I'm sure I won't get the job. I just (9) wish / hope tomorrow is better than today was.
Write the correct word/phrase for each number (1–9):
