Unit 34: Direct and indirect objects
Ngữ pháp Direct and indirect objects
📘 Giải thích tiếng Việt
Động từ không có tân ngữ
Một số động từ chỉ cần chủ ngữ, không cần tân ngữ theo sau: fall down, get up, grow, happen, laugh, run away, sit down, sleep, speak, walk, work. Ví dụ: The flowers grew. (Những bông hoa đã lớn lên.)
Động từ có một tân ngữ
Nhiều động từ có một tân ngữ đứng ngay sau: borrow, close, draw, drink, drive, eat, invite, open, paint, pick up, plant. Ví dụ: I've planted a tree. (Tôi đã trồng một cái cây.)
Động từ có hai tân ngữ
Một số động từ có cả tân ngữ trực tiếp (direct object – thường là vật) và tân ngữ gián tiếp (indirect object – thường là người): bring, buy, give, lend, offer, pass, send, show, teach, tell, throw, write. Có hai cách sắp xếp:
- V + tân ngữ gián tiếp + tân ngữ trực tiếp (không dùng giới từ): Simon gave Jill some flowers.
- V + tân ngữ trực tiếp + to/for + tân ngữ gián tiếp: Simon gave some flowers to Jill.
Chọn "to" hay "for"
Dùng to khi trao/gửi cho ai (give, send, show, tell): I gave the umbrella to George. Dùng for khi làm/mua giúp ai (buy, make, get): I bought an umbrella for George.
Lưu ý
KHÔNG dùng giới từ khi tân ngữ gián tiếp đứng trước tân ngữ trực tiếp. Sai: Simon gave to Jill some flowers. Đúng: Simon gave Jill some flowers.
Theory
Verbs without an object
Some verbs only need a subject. They don't need an object.
| Form | Example |
|---|---|
| subject + verb | The flowers grew. The dog got up. |
fall down • get up • grow • happen • laugh • run away • sit down • sleep • speak • stand up • walk • work
Verbs with one object
Many verbs can be followed by an object.
| Form | Example |
|---|---|
| subject + verb + object | We picked up the rubbish. I've planted a tree. |
borrow • close • draw • drink • drive • eat • have • invite • open • paint • pick up • plant
Verbs with two objects
Some verbs can be followed by two objects. One is called the 'direct object' and the other is called the 'indirect object'. The indirect object is usually a person.
| Form | Example |
|---|---|
| subject + verb + indirect object + direct object | Simon gave Jill some flowers. |
| subject + verb + direct object + preposition + indirect object | Simon gave some flowers to Jill. |
bring • buy • cost • get • give • lend • make • offer • owe • pass • pay • read • send • show • sing • take • teach • tell • throw • write
✓ I bought an umbrella for George.
✓ I gave the umbrella to George.
✓ Jill was given some flowers.
✓ Some flowers were given to Jill.
✗
Exercise A
Match to make sentences. If a phrase 1–8 cannot be matched with a phrase A–F, put a cross (X) on the line.
Exercise B
Circle the extra word in each sentence.
Exercise C
Rewrite the sentences with the direct object at the end.
Exercise D
Rewrite the sentences with the indirect object at the end.
Exercise E
Write one word in each gap. If no word is necessary, put a dash (–).
Exercise F
If a line is correct, put a tick (✓). If there is an extra word in a line, write the word. (Type tick if you cannot type ✓)
My new hobby
1 My uncle loves astronomy. It's his hobby. My aunt recently bought for
2 him a new telescope for his birthday, so he gave his old one to me! It's a
3 very good telescope. When he bought it, it cost to him over two hundred
4 euros! Last weekend, he taught to me the basics. He showed me how to
5 look through it, and told to me the names of all the planets. He said he'll
6 bring to me a book with more information about the night sky next time
7 he comes. Now astronomy is my hobby too. I think I'm going to enjoy it!
