📘 Giải thích tiếng Việt
Bị động ở nhiều thì hơn
Bài này mở rộng câu bị động sang các thì và cấu trúc khác. Công thức vẫn là be (đúng dạng) + past participle (V3), chỉ thay đổi cách chia be.
Present continuous & Past continuous (is/are/was/were being + V3)
Diễn tả hành động đang được thực hiện. Vd: The washing-up is being done. (Việc rửa bát đang được làm.) Quá khứ: The car was being cleaned.
Present perfect & Past perfect (have/has/had been + V3)
Diễn tả việc đã hoàn thành. Vd: The invitations have been sent. (Thiệp mời đã được gửi.) Quá khứ hoàn thành: The twins had been taken to the zoo.
be going to (is/are going to be + V3)
Diễn tả dự định/kế hoạch bị động. Vd: Phil is going to be invited. (Phil sẽ được mời.)
Bị động với động từ khuyết thiếu (modal + be + V3)
Sau can, might, should, must dùng be + V3. Vd: Kyle might be invited. / Jenny should be told. / The party can be held here.
by và with
Dùng by để nhấn mạnh ai thực hiện: painted by my parents. Dùng with để nói dụng cụ được dùng: eaten with a spoon. Không dùng by/with khi không cần nói ai làm.
Tổng điểm: 0/37
Theory
The passive (present continuous, present perfect simple, past continuous, past perfect simple, be going to, modals)
Form: be in the right form + past participle
| Type | Example (The pizzas...) |
|---|---|
| statement | The pizzas are being... |
| negative | The pizzas aren't (are not) being... |
| question | Are the pizzas being...? |
Tense Examples
| Tense | Active | Passive |
|---|---|---|
| Present continuous | My aunt is doing the washing-up. | The washing-up is being done by my aunt. |
| Present perfect simple | My cousin has sent the invitations. | The invitations have been sent by my cousin. |
| Past continuous | My uncle was cleaning the car. | The car was being cleaned by my uncle. |
| Past perfect simple | Our neighbours had taken the twins to the zoo. | The twins had been taken to the zoo by our neighbours. |
| be going to | They're going to invite Phil to the party. | Phil is going to be invited to the party. |
| Modals | They might invite Kyle to the party. We should tell Jenny about the party. We must tell Dominic about the concert. We can hold the party at Jack's house. |
Kyle might be invited to the party. Jenny should be told about the party. Dominic must be told about the concert. The party can be held at Jack's house. |
Watch out!
We can use by to emphasise who does something.
✓ My sister's bedroom was painted by my parents. (= My parents painted my sister's bedroom.)
We can use with to emphasise what someone uses.
✓ Soup is usually eaten with a spoon. (= You usually use a spoon to eat soup.)
We don't use by or with when we don't need to say, or don't know, who does something.
✓ Mrs Fisher was taken to hospital yesterday.
We can use by to emphasise who does something.
✓ My sister's bedroom was painted by my parents. (= My parents painted my sister's bedroom.)
We can use with to emphasise what someone uses.
✓ Soup is usually eaten with a spoon. (= You usually use a spoon to eat soup.)
We don't use by or with when we don't need to say, or don't know, who does something.
✓ Mrs Fisher was taken to hospital yesterday.
For the passive form of the present simple, past simple and will, see Unit 10. For the uses of the passive, see Unit 10.
Exercise A
A Score: 0/6
Look at the picture and match to make sentences. Write the correct letter (A, B, C...) in the box.
Carnival Scene
1
The carnival lorry is...
D
2
The lorry has...
F
3
The gorilla has...
A
4
Everyone watching is...
B
5
The best song might...
C
6
Have the costumes...
E
A. been given a banana by the pirate.
B. going to be given a balloon by the astronaut.
C. be sung by the cowboy.
D. being driven by a clown.
E. been bought from a fancy-dress shop?
F. been decorated with lots of flowers.
Exercise B
B Score: 0/8
Look at the picture again and circle the correct word.
1
The balloons had all been __________ up before the carnival started.
blown
2
The bananas __________ all been eaten yet.
haven't
3
The lorry isn't __________ driven by the gorilla.
being
4
A young boy __________ just taken a balloon from the astronaut.
has
5
A prize is going to __________ given to the person in the best fancy dress.
be
6
The prize might not be __________ to the clown.
awarded
7
__________ the lorry been decorated well?
Has
8
Can songs be sung __________ people in the crowd, too?
by
Exercise C
C Score: 0/7
Complete using by or with.
1
That book was written __________ my uncle!
by
2
Are the best photos usually taken __________ digital cameras?
with
3
That song has been sung __________ lots of famous singers.
by
4
Is your hair cut __________ a professional hairdresser?
by
5
Should the paper be cut __________ a pair of scissors?
with
6
All the candles had been lit __________ the same match.
with
7
The film isn't going to be directed __________ Steven Spielberg after all.
by
Exercise D
D Score: 0/6
Complete each second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Write no more than four words.
1
I think John has taken my jacket.
I think my jacket __________ John.
I think my jacket __________ John.
has been taken by
2
You should cook the chicken for at least an hour.
The chicken __________ for at least an hour.
The chicken __________ for at least an hour.
should be cooked
3
They're showing that film at the cinema in town.
That film __________ at the cinema in town.
That film __________ at the cinema in town.
is being shown
4
They hadn't invented digital cameras when we took that photo.
Digital cameras __________ when that photo was taken.
Digital cameras __________ when that photo was taken.
hadn't been invented
5
When I got there, Carly was doing the ironing, so I didn't have to do it!
When I got there, the ironing __________ Carly, so I didn't have to do it!
When I got there, the ironing __________ Carly, so I didn't have to do it!
was being done by
6
They were using hot soapy water to wash all the cars.
All the cars __________ hot soapy water.
All the cars __________ hot soapy water.
were being washed with
Exercise E
E Score: 0/10
Read the text and answer the questions. Use the correct form of the passive.
Doing the housework
by Lisa Porter, Class 4b
At home, we all share the housework. My dad loves cooking, so he cooks all the food. Sometimes we help him, though. Next weekend, for example, we're having a party so I'm going to help him. In the past, my mum did all the shopping. She started a new job last year though, so I've done most of the shopping since then. It's easy, because I shop online. That means I order everything on the Internet (my dad lets me use his credit card!) and someone from the supermarket delivers it to our house.
My brother, Andy, cleans the bathroom nearly every day. He didn't do it yesterday, so he might do it later today. My sister Angelina sweeps the floors. She uses a really old brush. I think she should use a vacuum cleaner! You can save time if you use electrical equipment.
1
Does only one person do the housework in Lisa's house?
No, the housework __________.
No, the housework __________.
is shared by everyone
2
Who cooks the food?
The food __________.
The food __________.
is cooked by Lisa's dad
3
Who is going to help Lisa's dad next weekend?
Lisa's dad __________.
Lisa's dad __________.
is going to be helped by Lisa
4
Who did all the shopping until about a year ago?
Until about a year ago, the shopping __________.
Until about a year ago, the shopping __________.
was done by Lisa's mum
5
Who has done most of the shopping since then?
Since then, most of the shopping __________.
Since then, most of the shopping __________.
has been done by Lisa
6
Does Lisa take the shopping home from the supermarket?
No, it __________.
No, it __________.
is delivered to their house
7
How often does someone clean the bathroom?
It __________.
It __________.
is cleaned nearly every day
8
When might someone next clean the bathroom?
It __________.
It __________.
might be cleaned later today
9
How does Angelina sweep the floors?
The floors __________.
The floors __________.
are swept with a really old brush
10
What does Lisa think Angelina should use?
Lisa thinks a vacuum cleaner __________.
Lisa thinks a vacuum cleaner __________.
should be used
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Xem tất cả Grammar B1
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