📘 Giải thích tiếng Việt
Câu bị động (The passive)
Hình thức: be + past participle (V3). Động từ be chia theo thì của câu chủ động. Cách dùng: khi hành động quan trọng hơn người/vật thực hiện nó. Dùng by để nói ai/cái gì gây ra hành động.
Bị động ở các thì
Hiện tại đơn: Cars are made in Germany.
Hiện tại tiếp diễn: A new bridge is being built.
Quá khứ đơn: My bike was stolen.
Hiện tại hoàn thành: The window has been broken.
Với will / động từ khuyết thiếu: The project will be finished. / The form must be completed.
Khi nào dùng bị động
Khi không biết ai làm hành động (My car was stolen last night.), khi không quan trọng ai làm (The road is being repaired.), hoặc dùng by + tác nhân khi muốn nêu rõ (The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell.).
Lưu ý
Đừng nhầm bị động hiện tại đơn (is/are + V3) với hiện tại tiếp diễn (is/are being + V3): English is spoken in many countries / A new school is being built.
Tổng điểm: 0/44
Theory
The passive
We form the passive with the verb be + past participle.
We use the passive when the action is more important than the person or thing doing the action.
We use by to say who or what does the action.
We use the passive when the action is more important than the person or thing doing the action.
We use by to say who or what does the action.
| Tense | Active | Passive |
|---|---|---|
| Present simple | They make cars in Germany. | Cars are made in Germany. |
| Present continuous | They are building a new bridge. | A new bridge is being built. |
| Past simple | Someone stole my bike. | My bike was stolen. |
| Past continuous | They were repairing the road. | The road was being repaired. |
| Present perfect | Someone has broken the window. | The window has been broken. |
| Past perfect | They had already painted the house. | The house had already been painted. |
| will | They will finish the project. | The project will be finished. |
| Modal verbs | You must complete the form. | The form must be completed. |
Helpful hints
• We use the passive when we don't know who did the action.
My car was stolen last night. (We don't know who stole it.)
My car was stolen last night. (We don't know who stole it.)
• We use the passive when it's not important who did it.
The road is being repaired. (It doesn't matter who is repairing it.)
The road is being repaired. (It doesn't matter who is repairing it.)
• We use by + agent only when we want to say who or what did the action.
The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell.
The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell.
Watch out!
Don't confuse the present simple passive (is/are + past participle) with the present continuous passive (is/are being + past participle).
✓ English is spoken in many countries. (present simple passive)
✓ A new school is being built near our house. (present continuous passive)
✓ English is spoken in many countries. (present simple passive)
✓ A new school is being built near our house. (present continuous passive)
Exercise A
A Score: 0/8
Complete using the correct passive form of the verbs in brackets.
1
Coca-Cola __________ (enjoy) all over the world.
is enjoyed
2
The letter __________ (send) last week.
was sent
3
The bridge __________ (repair) at the moment.
is being repaired
4
The thief __________ (already / catch) by the police.
has already been caught
5
When I arrived, the room __________ (paint).
was being painted
6
The project __________ (complete) by next Monday.
will be completed
7
The car __________ (already / sell) by the time we got there.
had already been sold
8
This form __________ (must / complete) in black ink.
must be completed
Exercise B
B Score: 0/8
Rewrite the sentences using the passive. Start with the words given.
1
Someone has stolen my laptop.
My laptop …
My laptop …
My laptop has been stolen.
2
They are building a new school in our town.
A new school …
A new school …
A new school is being built in our town.
3
They will finish the work tomorrow.
The work …
The work …
The work will be finished tomorrow.
4
Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone.
The telephone …
The telephone …
The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell.
5
They were questioning the suspect when I arrived.
The suspect …
The suspect …
The suspect was being questioned when I arrived.
6
Someone must clean this room.
This room …
This room …
This room must be cleaned.
7
They had already closed the shop when we arrived.
The shop …
The shop …
The shop had already been closed when we arrived.
8
They make these cars in Japan.
These cars …
These cars …
These cars are made in Japan.
Exercise C
C Score: 0/8
Circle the correct word or phrase.
1
English __________ in many countries around the world.
is spoken
2
The concert tickets __________ online last night.
were sold
3
A new shopping centre __________ at the moment.
is being built
4
This song __________ by millions of people.
has been heard
5
The work __________ by the end of the week.
will be finished
6
When I got home, the dinner __________.
had already been cooked
7
These photos __________ during our holiday in Greece.
were taken
8
The message __________ right now.
is being sent
Exercise D
D Score: 0/6
Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first. Use the passive.
1
Someone cleans the office every day.
The office __________ every day.
The office __________ every day.
is cleaned
2
They cancelled the meeting yesterday.
The meeting __________ yesterday.
The meeting __________ yesterday.
was cancelled
3
They have already repaired the car.
The car __________.
The car __________.
has already been repaired
4
Someone was following us.
We __________.
We __________.
were being followed
5
They will open the new museum next month.
The new museum __________ next month.
The new museum __________ next month.
will be opened
6
You must keep this door locked at all times.
This door __________ at all times.
This door __________ at all times.
must be kept locked
Exercise E
E Score: 0/8
Complete using the correct active or passive form of the verb in brackets.
1
Somebody __________ (steal) my wallet yesterday.
stole
2
The match __________ (cancel) because of the rain.
was cancelled
3
We __________ (invite) to the party last Saturday.
were invited
4
I __________ (not / tell) about the meeting. Nobody told me!
wasn't told
5
Shakespeare __________ (write) Romeo and Juliet.
wrote
6
The Mona Lisa __________ (paint) by Leonardo da Vinci.
was painted
7
They __________ (not / find) the missing dog yet.
haven't found
8
The missing dog __________ (not / find) yet.
hasn't been found
Exercise F
F Score: 0/6
Complete the text using the correct passive form of the verbs in brackets.
Chocolate (1) __________ from cocoa beans. Cocoa beans (2) __________ by the Maya people in Central America thousands of years ago. The beans (3) __________ to Europe by Spanish explorers in the 16th century. At first, chocolate (4) __________ as a hot drink. Solid chocolate (5) __________ until the 19th century. Today, millions of tonnes of chocolate (6) __________ every year around the world.
1
(make)
is made
2
(first / grow)
were first grown
3
(bring)
were brought
4
(drink)
was drunk
5
(not / produce)
wasn't produced
6
(eat)
are eaten
Học tiếp bài khác
Xem tất cả Grammar B1
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