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Facial Expression – IELTS Reading

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Đề đọc IELTS Reading “Facial Expression” – Biểu hiện khuôn mặt. Gồm 12 câu (điền từ, đoạn chứa thông tin, chọn nhiều đáp án), 40 từ vựng, đáp án chi tiết &…

IELTS Academic Reading 13 câu hỏi

Cách làm bài

Điền từ (completion)

  • Tuân thủ giới hạn số từ của đề (ví dụ “NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS”). Vượt quá là sai.
  • Chép chính xác từ trong bài, đúng chính tả và đúng dạng (số ít/nhiều, thì).
  • Dự đoán LOẠI TỪ cần điền (danh từ, động từ, số…) dựa vào ngữ pháp của chỗ trống trước khi tìm.

Đoạn nào chứa thông tin (which paragraph)

  • Đây là câu tìm thông tin cụ thể — KHÔNG theo thứ tự đoạn, nên phải quét toàn bài.
  • Một đoạn có thể là đáp án cho nhiều câu; hãy dựa vào nội dung, đừng loại đoạn quá sớm.
  • Định vị bằng từ khóa/từ đồng nghĩa của câu hỏi thay vì đọc kỹ tuần tự từng chữ.

Chọn nhiều đáp án

  • Đề yêu cầu chọn đúng số lượng (ví dụ chọn 3) — chọn thiếu hay thừa đều mất điểm.
  • Xét từng phương án độc lập với câu hỏi; đánh dấu phương án chắc chắn đúng trước, rồi cân nhắc phần còn lại.

Chung

  • Không đọc kỹ toàn bài trước — đọc lướt lấy ý, rồi dùng câu hỏi dẫn đường (scan/skim).
  • Quản lý thời gian: mỗi bài đọc ~20 phút. Câu khó thì đánh dấu, làm tiếp rồi quay lại.

Facial Expression

A. A facial expression is one or more motions or positions of the muscles in the skin. These movements convey the emotional state of the individual to observers. Facial expressions are a form of nonverbal communication. They are a primary means of conveying social information among aliens, but also occur in most other mammals and some other animal species. Facial expressions and their significance in the perceiver can, to some extent, vary between cultures with evidence from descriptions in the works of Charles Darwin.

B. Humans can adopt a facial expression to read as a voluntary action. However, because expressions are closely tied to emotion, they are more often involuntary. It can be nearly impossible to avoid expressions for certain emotions, even when it would be strongly desirable to do so; a person who is trying to avoid insulting an individual he or she finds highly unattractive might, nevertheless, show a brief expression of disgust before being able to reassume a neutral expression. Microexpressions are one example of this phenomenon. The close link between emotion and expression can also work in the other direction; it has been observed that voluntarily assuming an expression can actually cause the associated emotion.

C. Some expressions can be accurately interpreted even between members of different species – anger and extreme contentment being the primary examples. Others, however, are difficult to interpret even in familiar individuals. For instance, disgust and fear can be tough to tell apart. Because faces have only a limited range of movement, expressions rely upon fairly minuscule differences in the proportion and relative position of facial features, and reading them requires considerable sensitivity to these differences. Some faces are often falsely read as expressing some emotion, even when they are neutral, because their proportions naturally resemble those another face would temporarily assume.

D. Also, a person’s eyes reveal much about how they are feeling, or what they are thinking. Blink rate can reveal how nervous or at ease a person may be. Research by Boston College professor Joe Tecce suggests that stress levels are revealed by blink rates. He supports his data with statistics on the relation between the blink rates of presidential candidates and their success in their races. Tecce claims that the faster blinker in the presidential debates has lost every election since 1980. Though Tecce’s data is interesting, it is important to recognize that non-verbal communication is multi-channeled, and focusing on only one aspect is reckless. Nervousness can also be measured by examining each candidate’s perspiration, eye contact and stiffness.

E. As Charles Darwin noted in his book The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals: the young and the old of widely different races, both with man and animals, express the same state of mind by the same movements. Still, up to the mid–20th century most anthropologists believed that facial expressions were entirely learned and could therefore differ among cultures. Studies conducted in the 1960s by Paul Ekman eventually supported Darwin’s belief to a large degree.

F. Ekman’s work on facial expressions had its starting point in the work of psychologist Silvan Tomkins. Ekman showed that, contrary to the belief of some anthropologists including Margaret Mead, facial expressions of emotion are not culturally determined, but universal across human cultures. The South Fore people of New Guinea were chosen as subjects for one such survey. The study consisted of 189 adults and 130 children from among a very isolated population, as well as 23 members of the culture who lived a less isolated lifestyle as a control group. Participants were told a story that described one particular emotion; they were then shown three pictures (two for children) of facial expressions and asked to match the picture which expressed the story’s emotion.

G. While the isolated South Fore people could identify emotions with the same accuracy as the non-isolated control group, problems associated with the study include the fact that both fear and surprise were constantly misidentified. The study concluded that certain facial expressions correspond to particular emotions and cannot be covered, regardless of cultural background, and regardless of whether or not the culture has been isolated or exposed to the mainstream.

H. Expressions Ekman found to be universal included those indicating anger, disgust, fear, joy, sadness, and surprise (note that none of these emotions has a definitive social component, such as shame, pride, or schadenfreude). Findings on contempt (which is social) are less clear, though there is at least some preliminary evidence that this emotion and its expression are universally recognized. This may suggest that the facial expressions are largely related to the mind and that each part of the face can express a specific emotion.

Questions 28–32

Complete the following summary of the Whole Passage. In boxes 28–32 on your answer sheet, write the correct answer with NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS. The result of Ekman’s study demonstrates that some facial expressions have something to do with (28) ____ emotions which is impossible covered, despite of (29) ____ and whether the culture has been (30) ____ or (31) ____ to the mainstream. However, fear and surprise are persistently (32) ____.

28

...some facial expressions have something to do with (28) ____ emotions which is impossible covered...

29

...which is impossible covered, despite of (29) ____ and whether the culture has been...

30

...whether the culture has been (30) ____ or ... to the mainstream.

31

...whether the culture has been ... or (31) ____ to the mainstream.

32

However, fear and surprise are persistently (32) ____.

Questions 33–38

The reading Passage has seven paragraphs A–H. Which paragraph contains the following information? Write the correct letter (A–H) in the boxes below. Note: You may use any letter more than once.

33

The difficulty identifying the actual meaning of facial expressions.

34

The importance of culture on facial expressions.

35

Collected data for the research on the relation between blink and the success in elections.

36

Impossible to differentiate some closely related expressions.

37

An indicator to reflect one’s extent of nervousness.

38

The relation between emotion and facial expressions.

Questions 39–40

Which TWO of the following statements are true according to Ekman’s theory? Write your answers in boxes 39–40 on your answer sheet.

39-40

Từ vựng 40 từ

  • /ˈfeɪʃəl ɪkˈspreʃən/
    Biểu hiện khuôn mặt
  • Muscle movement /ˈmʌsl ˈmuːvmənt/ mở rộng
    Chuyển động cơ bắp
  • /nɒnˈvɜːbəl kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃən/
    Giao tiếp phi ngôn ngữ
  • /ɪˈməʊʃənl steɪt/
    Trạng thái cảm xúc
  • /ˈpraɪməri miːnz/
    Phương tiện chính
  • /ˈsəʊʃəl ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃən/
    Thông tin xã hội
  • /ˈmæməlz/
    Động vật có vú
  • /ˈænɪməl ˈspiːʃiːz/
    Các loài động vật
  • /ɪnˈvɒləntəri/
    Vô ý thức
  • /ˈvɒləntəri/
    Có chủ đích
  • /ˈmaɪkrəʊɪkˌspreʃən/
    Biểu hiện vi mô
  • /kənˈveɪ/
    Truyền đạt
  • /ɪnˈtɜːprɪtɪd/
    Diễn giải
  • Ambiguous /æmˈbɪɡjuəs/ mở rộng
    Mơ hồ
  • /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəl/
    Phổ quát
  • Cultural variation /ˈkʌltʃərəl ˌveəriˈeɪʃən/ mở rộng
    Sự khác biệt văn hóa
  • /tʃɑːlz ˈdɑːwɪn/
    Charles Darwin
  • /pəˈsiːvər/
    Người quan sát
  • /ˈvɒləntəri ˈækʃən/
    Hành động có chủ ý
  • Involuntary reaction /ɪnˈvɒləntəri riˈækʃən/ mở rộng
    Phản ứng vô thức
  • Mimicry /ˈmɪmɪkri/ mở rộng
    Bắt chước
  • Signal /ˈsɪɡnəl/ mở rộng
    Tín hiệu
  • /əbˈzɜːvər/
    Người quan sát
  • Spontaneous /spɒnˈteɪniəs/ mở rộng
    Tự phát
  • Automatic /ˌɔːtəˈmætɪk/ mở rộng
    Tự động
  • Microexpression phenomenon /ˈmaɪkrəʊɪkˌspreʃən fəˈnɒmɪnən/ mở rộng
    Hiện tượng biểu hiện vi mô
  • /ˈfeɪʃəl ˈfiːtʃər/
    Đặc điểm khuôn mặt
  • Misinterpret /ˌmɪsɪnˈtɜːprɪt/ mở rộng
    Hiểu sai
  • /prəˈpɔːʃən/
    Tỷ lệ
  • /ˈrelətɪv pəˈzɪʃən/
    Vị trí tương đối
  • Indicator /ˈɪndɪkeɪtər/ mở rộng
    Chỉ số, dấu hiệu
  • /blɪŋk reɪt/
    Tốc độ nháy mắt
  • /ˌpɜːspəˈreɪʃən/
    Mồ hôi
  • /aɪ ˈkɒntækt/
    Giao tiếp bằng mắt
  • /ˈstɪfnəs/
    Sự cứng nhắc
  • /ˈekmən/
    Ekman
  • /ˌænθrəˈpɒlədʒɪst/
    Nhà nhân chủng học
  • Universality /ˌjuːnɪvɜːˈsæləti/ mở rộng
    Tính phổ quát
  • /kənˈtrəʊl/
    Kiểm soát
  • /steɪt əv maɪnd/
    Tâm trạng, trạng thái tinh thần

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