Unit 4: Hobbies, sport and games
Từ vựng Hobbies, sport and games
📘 Giải thích tiếng Việt
Chủ đề của bài là Hobbies, sport and games (sở thích, thể thao và trò chơi). Bài giới thiệu các từ dễ nhầm, phrasal verbs, collocation và word patterns thường dùng khi nói về sở thích và thi đấu thể thao.
Từ dễ nhầm (words often confused)
Sân thi đấu khác nhau theo môn: pitch (bóng đá), court (tennis), course (golf), track (điền kinh), rink (trượt băng). win đi với giải/trận, beat đi với đối thủ, score = ghi điểm. umpire (tennis, cricket) khác referee (bóng đá). draw = trận hoà; competitor (người dự thi) khác opponent (đối thủ trực tiếp).
Phrasal verbs (Cụm động từ)
take up = bắt đầu (một sở thích/môn); go in for = tham gia thi / thích; go off = hết thích; join in = tham gia cùng; knock out = loại khỏi giải; pull out = rút lui; put off = hoãn lại; put up with = chịu đựng; carry on = tiếp tục; get round to = rốt cuộc bắt tay làm.
Collocation & Word patterns
Học theo cụm: do your best, have a go, take turns, mad about sth, take pleasure in doing, have a talent for. Chú ý giới từ theo mẫu câu: compete against/with sb, compete for/in sth; concentrate on doing; keen/fond of doing. Phân biệt stop doing (dừng hẳn việc) với stop to do (dừng lại để làm việc khác), và prefer sth to sth / prefer to do rather than do.
Theory
Topic vocabulary in contrast
| pitch / track / court / course / ring / rink | umpire / referee | sport / athletics |
| win / beat / score | final / finale / end / ending | interval / half time |
| play / game | bat / stick / rod / racket | draw / equal |
| spectator / viewer | amateur / professional | competitor / opponent |
Phrasal verbs
| bring forward | change the date/time of an event so it happens earlier |
| carry on | continue |
| get round to | start (after planning to do sth for a long time) |
| get up to | do; do sth you should not do |
| go in for | enter (a competition, etc); like |
| go off | stop liking |
| join in | participate, take part |
| knock out | defeat and remove from a competition; make unconscious |
| look out | be careful |
| pull out | stop being involved in an activity |
| put off | delay, postpone |
| put up with | tolerate |
| take to | start (as a habit) |
| take up | start (a hobby, sport, etc); fill an amount of space/time |
Phrases and collocations
| best | make the best of sth; do your best; the best at sth/doing |
| chance | have/take/get a chance to do; have a chance of doing; some/little/etc chance of (your) doing; the chances of (your) doing; take a chance (on sth); chance of a lifetime |
| go | your go; have a go |
| height | in height; afraid of heights; height of sth |
| mad | mad about/on sth/sb/doing; go/become mad |
| pleasure | take pleasure in sth/doing; gain/get pleasure from sth/doing |
| popular | popular with/among |
| side | (on) the opposite side; (on) the far side; side with sb; on the winning/losing side |
| talent | have a talent (for sth/doing); talent contest |
| time | on time; (just) in time; the whole time; high/about time; take your time (doing); take time to do; sth takes up (your) time; spend time doing; spend time on; at/for a certain time; time passes; find time to do; make/find time for; for the time being; have a good/nice time (doing); tell the time; free/spare/leisure time |
| turn | turn (a)round/away; turn sth over; in turn; take turns; take it in turn(s) (to do); your turn (to do) |
Word patterns
| compete against/with sb; compete for/in sth | listen to sth/sb |
| concentrate on sth/doing | love sth/sb/doing; love to do |
| difficult to do; find sth difficult; find it difficult to do | mean to do; it/this means that; it/this means sth/doing |
| fond of sth/sb/doing | prefer to do (rather than [to] do); prefer sth (rather than sth); prefer sth/doing (to sth/doing) |
| free to do; free from/of sth; free for sth | stop sth/doing; stop to do; stop sb from doing |
| interested in sth/doing | sure/certain make/be sure/certain that; sure/certain to do; be sure/certain of sth |
| involve sth/doing; involved in sth/doing |
Word formation
| allow → disallow, allowance, allowable | fortune → misfortune, (un)fortunate(ly) | medal → medallist, medallion |
| associate → disassociate, association, (un)associated | interest → (un)interesting(ly) | oppose → opposition, opponent, opposite, opposing |
| compete → competition, competitor, competitive(ly) | know → knowledge, (un)knowledgeable | practice → practise, (im)practical(ly) |
| enjoy → enjoyment, enjoyable | lose → lost, loss | train → retrain, trainer |
| equip → equipment, equipped | maintain → maintenance |
Exercise A
Complete using the correct form of the words in the box.
Blank (i):
Exercise B
Circle the correct word or phrase.
Exercise C
Complete each second sentence using the word given, so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Write between two and five words in each gap.
I don't know how you can __________ up so early to go to the pool.
I've finally __________ sorting out my postcard collection.
What did you __________ at the weekend?
I've __________ since I discovered snowboarding.
Why do you __________ riding lessons if you can't afford them?
We can't __________ any longer.
Exercise D
Write one word in each gap.
Exercise E
Choose the correct answer.
Exercise F
Match to make sentences.
B to find enough time to have any hobbies.
C to try to find the golf balls we'd lost.
D of playing in goal.
E from finishing the game.
F to what the coach thinks first.
G on getting fit.
Exercise G
Water has damaged part of this text about sport at school. Read it and decide what you think each of the original words was. Write the words in the blank spaces.
Sport at school
I used to wear glasses when I was at school, and so I (1) __________ sport very difficult. I wanted to be involved (2) __________ school sports competitions, and I loved the idea of teams competing (3) __________ each other, but being on the rugby team, for example, (4) __________ having to take off my glasses, and that meant (5) __________ I couldn't see! And it's difficult (6) __________ catch a ball when you can't see it! So, I wasn't very good and the captains always (7) __________ sure that I wasn't on their team. This meant I (8) __________ free to do other activities, like being on the debating team, and actually I preferred to (9) __________ things I was good at doing (10) __________ than have everyone laugh at me.
Exercise H
Complete the sentences by changing the form of the word in capitals when this is necessary.
Exercise I
Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line.
A snooker player speaks
When I first started playing snooker, I had no real (1) __________ of the rules. I just thought it looked an (2) __________ game. Also, I didn't need to buy any expensive (3) __________ because the snooker hall near my house had tables and cues. I spent (4) __________ all the free time I had practising, and then decided to enter a (5) __________. It was great fun! My (6) __________ was someone who'd been playing for years. Of course, he beat me, but the fact that I'd (7) __________ didn't put me off at all. And, (8) __________, my game improved enough for me to become a professional snooker player three years ago.
