Unit 6: Science and technology
Từ vựng Science and technology
📘 Giải thích tiếng Việt
Chủ đề: Khoa học và công nghệ (Science and technology)
Bài này tập trung vào những từ dễ nhầm lẫn cùng chủ đề khoa học. Chú ý phân biệt các cặp gần nghĩa: invent (phát minh cái chưa từng có) và discover (khám phá cái đã tồn tại); research (nghiên cứu, không đếm được) và experiment (thí nghiệm cụ thể); electric (chạy bằng điện) và electronic (điện tử); award (giải thưởng vinh danh) và reward (phần thưởng cho công lao); engine/machine/motor; aim/cause/reason; progress/development.
Cụm động từ (Phrasal verbs)
Những cụm hay gặp: break down (hỏng máy), carry out (tiến hành thí nghiệm), come up with (nghĩ ra ý tưởng), find out (tìm ra thông tin), give off (tỏa ra nhiệt/mùi), narrow down (thu hẹp khả năng), plug in (cắm điện), work out (giải ra, tìm lời giải), turn into (biến thành).
Cụm từ và word patterns
Học từ theo cụm cố định: carry out / do research on/into sth, perform an experiment on sth, come to/reach the conclusion that, on average, as a matter of fact. Chú ý mẫu câu: result in sth / result from sth / as a result of; consider doing/whether; manage to do; intend to do/doing; be known as sth.
Tạo từ (Word formation)
Nắm họ từ giúp làm bài biến đổi từ: invent → inventor, invention; discover → discovery; science → scientist, scientific; technology → technological, technician, technique; possible → impossible, possibility; explain → explanation.
Theory
Topic vocabulary in contrast
| artificial / false | aim / cause / reason | progress / development |
| natural / physical | estimate / calculate | modern / new |
| true / accurate | electric / electronic | industry / factory |
| method / way | invent / discover | award / reward |
| engine / machine / motor | research / experiment | take place / occur |
Phrasal verbs
| break down | stop working (for a machine, etc) |
| carry out | perform an experiment, etc |
| come off | succeed |
| come on | develop or make progress |
| come up with | think of (an idea, a plan, etc) |
| cut off | stop the supply of sth |
| find out | discover information, etc |
| give off | produce sth such as heat or a smell |
| narrow down | reduce the number of possibilities |
| plug in | connect to the electricity supply |
| put through | connect by phone |
| turn into | change into sth different |
| turn off | stop a machine working |
| work out | find the solution to a problem, etc |
Phrases and collocations
| attempt | make an attempt (at sth/doing / to do); attempt to do; in an attempt to do |
| average | on average |
| beginning | in the beginning; at the beginning (of sth); beginning with |
| bottom | at/on the bottom (of sth) |
| cause | (be/find/look for/etc) the cause of sth |
| conclusion | come to/reach the conclusion (that); in conclusion |
| experiment | do/perform/carry out an experiment (on sth); experiment with sth/doing |
| fact | in fact; as a matter of fact; the fact (of the matter) is (that); face the facts |
| introduction | with the introduction of sth; an introduction to sth/sb |
| phone call | make/receive/get a phone call |
| photo(graph) | take a photo (of sth/sb) |
| research | carry out / do research (on/into sth) |
Word patterns
| cause sth (to do) | look at/for sth/sb; look forward to sth/doing |
| consider sth/doing; consider if/whether; consider sb for sth; consider it strange, etc (for sb to do) | manage to do |
| discuss sth/doing (with sb) | plan sth; plan to do |
| explain that; explain sth (to sb) | possible (for sb) to do; find sth possible; find it impossible to do |
| intend to do/doing | result of sth/doing; result in sth; result in (your) doing; result from sth/doing; as a result of sth |
| know (about) sth/doing; know of sb; be known as sth | wonder about sth/doing; wonder if/whether/why |
Word formation
| appear → appearance, apparently | introduce → introduction, introductory | research → researcher |
| build → builder, building | invent → inventor, invention | revolution → revolutionary |
| discover → discovery | observe → observer, observation | science → scientist, (un)scientific(ally) |
| explain → explanation | possible → impossible, (im)possibility, (im)possibly | technology → technological(ly), technician, technique |
| important → unimportant, importance, importantly | psychology → psychologist, psychological(ly) | wood → wooden |
Exercise A
Choose the correct answer.
Modern science
It seems entirely (1) __________ to us that there are teams of scientists in universities and other institutions around the world, attempting to (2) __________ the way the world works. However, it hasn't always been that (3) __________. Although the scientific method is now four or five hundred years old, the ancient Greeks, for example, believed that they could work out the (4) __________ of natural events just by the power of thought.
During the 17th century, more and more people began to realise that they could (5) __________ their scientific ideas by designing a relevant (6) __________ and seeing what happened. A lot of (7) __________ was made in this way by individual scientists. These men and women often worked alone, carrying out (8) __________ into many different areas of science, and they often received very little (9) __________ for their hard work. At the start of the 20th century, though, it became (10) __________ that science was becoming more complicated and more expensive. The individual scientist disappeared, to be replaced by highly qualified teams of experts. Modern science was born.
Exercise B
Circle the correct word.
Exercise C
Complete using the correct form of the words in the box.
Exercise D
Match to make sentences.
B metals such as lead into gold.
C out who discovered penicillin.
D on in physics over the last year.
E off fumes that can be harmful.
F off and the experiment was a success.
Exercise E
Choose the correct answer.
Exercise F
Find the extra word in each line.
The future
1 We were discussing about the future in class today. Some people were 2 wondering it whether we would have to live in space when we destroy 3 our own planet. I explained them that the answer lies in technology because 4 scientists are intend to develop forms of energy that will not damage the 5 environment. The problems caused as being a result of technology will be 6 solved by technology. I am look forward to our next discussion.
Write the extra word for each line (1–6):
Exercise G
Complete each second sentence using the word given, so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Write between two and five words in each gap.
The mistake by scientists __________ a massive explosion.
Dr Atherton finally __________ the secret formula.
Iron oxide __________ 'fool's gold'.
Many local residents __________ about the nuclear power plant.
We __________ the position of Professor.
It __________ to live in outer space without special equipment.
Exercise H
Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line.
Qualcomp Powertop
Qualcomp have just brought out their (1) __________ new handheld computer, the Powertop. It's (2) __________ not to love it, with its smooth, shiny (3) __________ and its bright screen. It might not be the best (4) __________ to handheld computing because it is quite advanced, but you'll find an (5) __________ of all the features in the detailed manual. The Powertop has been (6) __________ designed to fit a lot of computing power in your palm. The (7) __________ of a unique wireless Internet connection means there's a world of (8) __________ just waiting for you. We give the Powertop nine out of ten.
Exercise I
Complete the sentences by changing the form of the word in capitals when this is necessary.
