Unit 12: The law and crime
Từ vựng The law and crime
📘 Giải thích tiếng Việt
Chủ đề: Luật pháp và tội phạm (The law and crime)
Bài mở rộng vốn từ về pháp luật, xét xử và tội phạm, tập trung vào các từ dễ nhầm và cách kết hợp từ ở trình độ B2.
Từ dễ nhầm (Words often confused)
Phân biệt: proof (bằng chứng chắc chắn) / evidence (chứng cứ); suspect–arrest–charge (nghi ngờ – bắt giữ – buộc tội); judge (thẩm phán) / jury (bồi thẩm đoàn); prosecute (truy tố) / persecute (ngược đãi); innocent (vô tội) / guilty (có tội); robber / burglar / thief (cướp / kẻ đột nhập / kẻ trộm).
Cụm động từ (Phrasal verbs)
Ví dụ: break out (vượt ngục), get away with (thoát tội), look into (điều tra), come forward (ra khai báo), hand in (giao nộp), hold up (cướp có vũ khí; trì hoãn), let off (tha, phạt nhẹ), take in (lừa gạt).
Cụm từ và collocation
Ghi nhớ theo cụm: be to blame for, take advantage of, do damage to, on purpose (cố ý) trái với by mistake (do nhầm lẫn), in order to do, have no intention of doing.
Mẫu đi kèm động từ (Word patterns) và cấu tạo từ
Chú ý giới từ: accuse sb of, charge sb with, arrest sb for, guilty of, threaten sb with. Luyện tạo từ: prove → proof/proven, rob → robbery/robber, prison → prisoner/imprisonment, evident → evidence.
Theory
Topic vocabulary in contrast
| Words often confused | ||
|---|---|---|
| proof / evidence | rule / law / justice / right | vandal / hooligan |
| suspect / arrest / charge | judge / jury | sentence / imprison |
| suspect / accused | prosecute / persecute | innocent / guilty |
| decision / verdict | capital punishment / corporal punishment | witness / bystander |
| commit / break | robber / burglar / thief | lawyer / solicitor |
Phrasal verbs
| back down | stop demanding sth, stop saying that you will do sth |
| break out | escape (from prison) |
| bring in | introduce a new law or system |
| chase after | follow sb/sth quickly in order to catch them |
| come forward | offer help or information |
| get away with | escape punishment for |
| go off | explode; be fired (for a gun, usually accidentally) |
| hand in | give to a person in authority |
| hold up | rob while threatening violence; delay |
| let off | give little or no punishment; make a bomb, etc explode |
| look into | investigate |
| make off | escape |
| take down | write down what someone says |
| take in | trick sb into believing sth that is not true |
Phrases and collocations
| account | on account of; take into account; account for sth |
| advantage | take advantage of sth/sb; have an advantage over sth/sb; at an advantage; an/one/etc advantage (of sth) |
| blame | be to blame (for sth/doing); get/take the blame (for sth/doing); put the blame on sth/sb; blame sth (on sb); blame sb for sth/doing |
| damage | do/cause damage (to sth) |
| fault | at fault; find fault with sth/sb |
| intention | have the/no intention of doing |
| mistake | make a mistake; a mistake (to do); mistake sb for sb; do sth by mistake |
| necessary | necessary (for sb) to do |
| order | in order; put sth in order; in order to do; give an order (to sb) (to do) |
| permission | give sb permission to do; ask (sb) for permission to do; have/ask for/get permission (from sb) to do |
| purpose | do sth on purpose; purpose of sth |
| reason | reason why; reason for sth; reason with sb |
| solution | have/find/think of/work out/come up with/figure out a solution (to sth) |
| wrong | do wrong; do the wrong thing; the wrong thing to do; go wrong; the wrong way up |
Word patterns
| accuse sb of sth/doing | doubt sth; doubt that; doubt if/whether | make sb do; be made to do |
| arrest sb for sth/doing | forgive sb for sth/doing | refuse to do sth; refuse sth |
| charge sb with sth | glimpse sth; catch a glimpse of sth | respect sth; respect sb for sth/doing; have respect for sth/sb |
| claim to be/do; claim that | guilty of sth/doing | threaten to do; threaten sb with sth |
| deny sth/doing | legal (for sb) to do |
Word formation
| accuse accused, accusation | honest dishonest, (dis)honesty, (dis)honestly | prison prisoner, imprison(ed), imprisonment |
| addict addicted, addictive, addiction | investigate investigation, investigator | prove proof, (un)proven, disprove |
| convict convicted, conviction | law lawyer, (un)lawful | rob robbery, robber |
| crime criminal | murder murderer | secure insecure, (in)security |
| evident evidence, evidently | offence offensive, offend, offender | theft thief |
| forge forgery, forger |
Exercise A
Each of the words in bold is in the wrong sentence. Write the correct word on the line.
Exercise B
Complete the crossword.
Across
Down
Exercise C
Complete using the correct form of the phrasal verbs in the box.
Exercise D
Write one word in each gap.
You've been framed!
The most incredible thing happened to me yesterday. I was walking home from school when I saw a wallet on the ground full of money. I picked it up, and was just about to take it to the police station to (1) __________ it in, when a police officer jumped out and told me I was under arrest for stealing. I tried to explain the situation but he wouldn't (2) __________ down. 'I won't let you get (3) __________ with this,' he said. 'You're a thief, and thieves have to be punished.' He handcuffed me and drove me to the police station, where he took (4) __________ my name and address. I started crying, and begged him to (5) __________ me off, again trying to explain that I wasn't going to keep the money. Suddenly, my best friend Adrian and a TV presenter came in and the police officer started laughing. It was a practical joke for a TV show, and I'd been completely (6) __________ in!
Exercise E
Circle the correct word.
Exercise F
Match to make sentences. Choose the correct ending (A–I) for each beginning.
B she's guilty.
C someone to steal something from a shop.
D of someone shoplifting.
E stealing the clothes.
F to steal something from the shop.
G steal something from the shop.
H with theft.
I of shoplifting.
Exercise G
Write one word in each gap.
Newton Archer — The Voice of Sanity
You've let us down, Owen!
Owen Davis used to be my hero. One of the greatest athletes of his generation, Owen made us think that everything was possible. I had so much respect (1) __________ him, particularly in terms of his 'no drugs in sport' campaign. And now there's no doubt that all the time Davis was claiming (2) __________ drugs were damaging sport, he himself was taking them. Last week, the International Athletics Association found Davis guilty (3) __________ taking banned body-enhancing substances. Davis has been banned from taking part in national and international events for the next five years, and the IAA are threatening (4) __________ ban future drug-takers for life. I hope they do. I refuse (5) __________ accept that we should show sympathy towards Davis at a time like this. We should never forgive people like Owen Davis (6) __________ bringing sport into disrepute.
Exercise H
Each of the words in bold is in the wrong form. Write the correct form on the line.
