Unit 10: People and society
Từ vựng People and society
📘 Giải thích tiếng Việt
Chủ đề: Con người và xã hội (People and society)
Bài này mở rộng vốn từ về các mối quan hệ, tính cách và đời sống xã hội, chú trọng những từ dễ nhầm và cách kết hợp từ ở trình độ B2.
Từ dễ nhầm (Words often confused)
Phân biệt các cặp gần nghĩa: sensitive (nhạy cảm) / sensible (biết điều, có lý trí); sympathetic (thông cảm) / likeable (dễ mến); popular (được ưa chuộng) / famous (nổi tiếng); old / ancient (cổ xưa); blame (đổ lỗi) / fault (lỗi thuộc về ai).
Cụm động từ (Phrasal verbs)
Nhóm về quan hệ: bring up (nuôi dạy), get on with (hoà hợp), fall out with (cãi nhau, tuyệt giao), make up (làm hoà), look up to (kính trọng) trái với look down on (coi thường), stand up for (bênh vực), pick on (bắt nạt).
Cụm từ và collocation
Ghi nhớ theo cụm: take care of, have an argument with, it takes courage to do, be/fall in love with, in a good/bad mood, take pity on sb, break a promise.
Mẫu đi kèm động từ (Word patterns) và cấu tạo từ
Chú ý giới từ theo sau: agree with/on/to, approve of, object to, rely on, ban sb from, independent of/from. Luyện tạo từ: able → ability/disability, happy → happiness, obey → obedient/disobedience.
Theory
Topic vocabulary in contrast
| Words often confused | ||
|---|---|---|
| relationship / connection | support / assist | company / group |
| blame / fault | kind / polite | popular / famous |
| old / ancient | sympathetic / likeable | typical / usual / ordinary |
| crowd / audience | nervous / bad-tempered | close / near |
| enjoy / please | sensitive / sensible | unknown / infamous |
Phrasal verbs
| ask after | ask for news about |
| bring up | look after a child until he or she becomes an adult |
| fall for | fall in love with; believe (a lie/trick/etc) |
| fall out (with) | have an argument with and stop being friends |
| get on (with) | have a good relationship (with) |
| grow up | become older |
| look down on | think that you are better than |
| look up to | admire and respect |
| make up | become friends again after an argument |
| pass away | die |
| pick on | keep treating someone badly or unfairly |
| put down | criticise, make someone feel stupid |
| settle down | become calm after being upset, etc; stay in one place or get married and live quietly |
| stand up for | support in an argument or fight |
| take aback | surprise (usually in passive voice) |
Phrases and collocations
| approval | show/give (your) approval of/for sth; meet with sb's approval |
| argument | have an argument (with sb) (about sth/doing); win/lose an argument |
| care | take care (of sth/sb); care for/about sth/sb |
| courage | have the courage to do; it takes courage to do |
| disguise | in disguise; wear a disguise; disguise yourself; disguised as sth/sb |
| dream | have a dream (about sth/sb/doing); daydream; dream of/about doing |
| family | have/start a family; nuclear family; extended family |
| favour | do/owe sb a favour; be in favour of |
| friend | make/become/be/stay friends (with sb); best friend |
| love | be/fall in love with sb |
| mood | in a good/bad mood; in the right/wrong mood; in the mood for sth |
| pity | pity sb; take pity on sb; feel pity for sb; it's a pity (that) |
| promise | promise to do; give/make sb a promise; break a/your promise |
Word patterns
| agree with/on/to sth; agree with sb; agree to do; agree that | force sb to do sth; force sb into sth/doing |
| allow sb to do; allow sth | independent of/from sth |
| approve of sth/doing; approve sth | let sb do sth |
| ask sb sth; ask sb to do sth (for you); ask about/for sth; ask if/whether | object to sth/doing |
| attack sth; attack sb for sth/doing; an attack on sth/sb | pretend to be; pretend to do; pretend that |
| ban sb from sth/doing; ban sth | rely on sth/sb |
| convince sb (of sth); convince sb to do; convince sb that |
Word formation
| able unable, (in)ability, disabled, disability | happy unhappy, (un)happiness, (un)happily | obey disobey, (dis)obedient(ly), (dis)obedience |
| achieve achievement | jealous jealousy, jealously | person (im)personal(ly), personality |
| argue argument, argumentative | kind unkind, (un)kindness, kindly | polite impolite, (im)politely, (im)politeness |
| care careful(ly), careless(ly), (un)caring | marry marriage, (un)married | relate relative(ly), relation, relationship |
| correspond correspondence | nerve nervous(ly), nervousness | willing unwilling, (un)willingness, (un)willingly |
| friend friendship, (un)friendly |
Exercise A
Choose the correct answer.
Exercise B
Circle the correct word.
Exercise C
Complete using the words from the box. You need to use one word twice.
Personality
Some of us seem to be infinitely kind, while others seem to (1) __________ down on everyone around them. Some of us never forget an argument, while others (2) __________ up and forgive easily. As we (3) __________ up, our personality develops and we find that we (4) __________ on with certain people more than others. Who we are seems to have a large genetic element, but is also influenced by those who (5) __________ us up. If we (6) __________ up to our parents or other family members, we may want to be like them. On the other hand, if our parents seem to (7) __________ us down all the time and we (8) __________ out with them a lot, then perhaps we will develop quite different personalities.
Exercise D
Write a phrasal verb in the correct form to replace the words in italics. Add any other words you need.
Exercise E
Write one word in each gap.
Exercise F
Choose the correct answer.
Exercise G
Find the extra word in each line.
Living together in society
1 Hell, said Jean-Paul Sartre, is other people, and whether you agree with 2 or not, we are all have to learn to live together. We may not always 3 approve of that other people's behaviour, but we do have to live with it. 4 It is impossible to force other people in to behave exactly how we think 5 they should behave. Of course, the law bans from all kinds of behaviour 6 and if you can convince to enough people, you might be able to get the 7 government to pass a new law. Mostly, though, you have to let off people 8 live their own lives, in the same way you expect them to allow you for to 9 live your life. You don't have to pretend it that you like how some other 10 people live, but letting them to be themselves is often the only choice.
Exercise H
Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line.
I had a really stupid (1) __________ (ARGUE) with my best friend the other day. It all started because we were talking about (2) __________ (MARRY) and having a family. I said that (3) __________ (POLITE) is important when you are married and she said that she thought that was rubbish and that (4) __________ (KIND) is much more important. Well, we were (5) __________ (ABLE) to agree and, in the end, she left without saying goodbye. I do hope it doesn't spoil our (6) __________ (FRIEND).
Exercise I
Complete the sentences by changing the form of the word in capitals when this is necessary.
