📘 Giải thích tiếng Việt
Thể sai khiến (The causative)
Hình thức: chủ ngữ + have (chia đúng thì) + tân ngữ + quá khứ phân từ (V3/-ed).
Cách dùng: diễn tả việc ta thuê/nhờ người khác làm gì đó cho mình, chứ không tự làm. So sánh: Someone cleans her car. → She has her car cleaned.
Chia have theo thì
have được chia theo mọi thì và động từ khuyết thiếu, còn quá khứ phân từ giữ nguyên. Ví dụ: She is having the tyres checked (hiện tại tiếp diễn); She had the car filled up (quá khứ đơn); She will have an alarm fitted (tương lai).
Dùng get và by
Có thể dùng get thay cho have (thân mật hơn): I'm going to get my hair cut. Dùng by để nói ai thực hiện: We had a photo taken by a photographer.
Lưu ý
have luôn đứng trước tân ngữ, quá khứ phân từ luôn đứng sau tân ngữ, kể cả trong câu hỏi: Did you have the furniture delivered? (KHÔNG nói have delivered the furniture).
Theory
The causative
Use: To show that someone arranges for someone else to do something for them.
| Tense / modal | Example |
|---|---|
| present simple | Mrs Taylor has her car cleaned once a month. |
| present continuous | She is having the tyres checked at the moment. |
| present perfect simple | She has had the windscreen replaced. |
| past simple | She had the car filled up with petrol yesterday. |
| past continuous | She was having the car repaired when I last saw her. |
| past perfect simple | She had had the engine checked. |
| will and other modals | She will have a car alarm fitted when she can afford it. She would have air bags put in but it's too expensive. |
| be going to | She is going to have a new car radio installed. |
| -ing form | She might stop having the car cleaned so often. |
Helpful hints
• Normal active sentence: Someone cleans Mrs Taylor's car every week.
In the causative: Mrs Taylor has her car cleaned every week.
• We can also use get instead of have. Get is more informal than have.
✓ I'm going to have my hair cut tomorrow. (more formal)
✓ I'm going to get my hair cut tomorrow. (more informal)
• We can use by to show who does the action.
✓ We're having a family photo taken by a local photographer.
• With the causative, have always comes before the noun and the past participle always comes after the noun.
• When we ask questions using the causative, the past participle stays after the noun.
✓ Did you have the furniture delivered yesterday?
✗
Exercise A — Rewrite using have
Complete each second sentence using the correct form of have so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence.
Let's __________ that wall knocked down.
We __________ the furniture delivered.
I'm __________ this wall painted.
__________ you __________ the invitations printed yet?
You should __________ your mobile fixed.
When __________ you __________ your hair dyed?
They __________ Lucy looked at by a vet at the moment.
I __________ my suit dry-cleaned yet.
Exercise B — Complete with verbs
Complete using the correct form of the verbs in the box.
Exercise C — Tick or correct
If the phrase in bold is correct, write ✓ (or "tick"). If it is wrong, write the correct phrase.
Exercise D — Mr Lazylion (Causative)
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use the causative.
Three times a day, Mr Lazylion has the washing-up done by a giraffe called Gloria.
At the moment, Mr Lazylion __________.
Later, Mr Lazylion __________.
Mr Lazylion __________.
Mr Lazylion loves __________.
Mr Lazylion __________.
Exercise E — Circle the correct word or phrase
Circle the correct word or phrase.
Mr Lazylion had a problem. The animals were refusing to help him.
Mr Lazylion had had things (1) __________ for him (2) __________ the other animals for so long that he didn't know what to do. He (3) __________ his meals prepared for him for two days now, and he was starting to get hungry.
So, he had some Chinese food (4) __________ – all the way from China. That filled him up, but it's not easy to (5) __________ food delivered in the jungle. He couldn't do that every day. What was he going to do?
He felt very sad. He really wanted to have (6) __________ by Ellie and his feet (7) __________ by Marty, but they just said 'No'.
There was only one solution, and Mr Lazylion didn't like it at all. He would have to start doing things for himself.
