Unit 18: Inventions and discoveries
Từ vựng Inventions and discoveries
📘 Giải thích tiếng Việt
Chủ đề: Phát minh và khám phá
Bài này gồm từ vựng về khoa học, công nghệ và máy móc. Phân biệt invent (phát minh ra thứ chưa từng có, ví dụ máy móc) với discover (khám phá ra thứ đã tồn tại, ví dụ hành tinh). Một số danh từ hay gặp: equipment (thiết bị), laboratory (phòng thí nghiệm), research (nghiên cứu), gadget (thiết bị nhỏ tiện dụng).
Cụm động từ (Phrasal verbs)
Ghi nhớ nghĩa: break down (hỏng, ngừng chạy), come across (tình cờ tìm thấy), find out (tìm ra thông tin), make up (bịa ra), throw away (vứt đi), turn on/off (bật/tắt máy).
Cụm giới từ (Prepositional phrases)
Học cả cụm cố định: at last (cuối cùng), by chance (tình cờ), in my opinion (theo tôi), in the end (rốt cuộc), out of order (hỏng, không dùng được).
Cấu tạo từ & mẫu đi kèm
Chú ý đổi loại từ: science → scientist, history → historian, conclude → conclusion. Nhớ giới từ theo sau: different from/to, full of, result in, a number of, a reason for.
Tổng điểm: 0/66
Theory
Topic vocabulary
| Word | Type |
|---|---|
| artificial | adj |
| automatic | adj |
| complicated | adj |
| decrease | v, n |
| digital | adj |
| discover | v |
| effect | n |
| equipment | n |
| estimate | v |
| exact | adj |
| experiment | v, n |
| gadget | n |
| hardware | n |
| invent | v |
| involve | v |
| laboratory | n |
| lack | v, n |
| laptop | n |
| maximum | adj |
| minimum | adj |
| operate | v |
| plastic | n, adj |
| program | v, n |
| research | n |
| run | v |
| screen | n |
| software | n |
| sudden | adj |
| technology | n |
| unique | adj |
Phrasal verbs
| Phrasal verb | Meaning |
|---|---|
| break down | stop working (for a machine, etc) |
| come across | find sth by chance |
| find out | discover information, etc |
| make up | invent an explanation, excuse, etc |
| pull off | break by pulling |
| throw away | put sth in a rubbish bin |
| turn off | stop a machine working |
| turn on | start a machine working |
Prepositional phrases
at last • by chance • in my opinion • in the end • in the future • out of order
Word formation
| Base word | Related forms |
|---|---|
| boil | boiler, boiling |
| chemist | chemical, chemistry |
| conclude | conclusion |
| examine | exam(ination), examiner |
| fascinate | fascination, fascinating |
| history | historic, historian |
| identical | identically |
| long | length |
| measure | measurement |
| science | scientist |
Word patterns
| Type | Pattern |
|---|---|
| adjectives | different from/to • full of |
| verbs | begin sth with • connect sth to/with • disconnect sth from • fill sth with • result in |
| nouns | a difference between • an idea about • a number of • a reason for • a type of |
Exercise A
A Score: 0/8
Match the pictures with the words in the box. Type the correct word for each picture.
equipment
experiment
gadgets
hardware
laboratory
laptop
screen
software
1
🔧 (Picture: scientific tools and instruments)
equipment
2
💻 (Picture: portable computer)
laptop
3
📱 (Picture: small electronic devices)
gadgets
4
🖥️ (Picture: computer monitor / display)
screen
5
📦 (Picture: packaged computer programs)
software
6
🧪 (Picture: scientific flask and test tubes)
experiment
7
💿 (Picture: CD-ROM disc and computer parts)
hardware
8
🔬 (Picture: room full of scientific equipment)
laboratory
Exercise B
B Score: 0/10
Complete using the words in the box.
artificial
automatic
complicated
digital
exact
maximum
minimum
plastic
sudden
unique
1
It's not a/an __________ watch. It's got hands.
digital
2
If you play this stereo on __________ volume, you'll go deaf!
maximum
3
It's not a/an __________ experiment. In fact, it's really simple.
complicated
4
Are leather chairs more comfortable than __________ ones?
plastic
5
There aren't any windows in the lab, so all the light is __________.
artificial
6
Was it a/an __________ decision, or had you thought about it for a long time?
sudden
7
The lights are __________ – they come on when you enter the room, and go off when you leave.
automatic
8
Each person's fingerprints are __________. No two people have the same fingerprints.
unique
9
The __________ number of patients necessary to test the new drug is 50. Any less than that and the scientists won't know if it works properly or not.
minimum
10
I can't remember the __________ year it was discovered, but it was around 1976.
exact
Exercise C
C Score: 0/12
Circle the correct word.
1
Do you know who invented / discovered the planet Mars?
discovered
2
The number of people dying of malaria has run / decreased enormously over the last 100 years.
decreased
3
You need at least three people to operate / estimate this machine safely.
operate
4
Modern technology / equipment makes all our lives easier.
technology
5
We've done a lot of research / experiment into why people are scared of spiders.
research
6
I'm using a computer research / program that translates from English into Greek.
program
7
This drug seems to have no effect / lack on humans at all.
effect
8
The experiment just involves / operates answering a few questions.
involves
9
Could you program / estimate how many times a week you eat cheese?
estimate
10
Do you think anyone will ever invent / discover a time machine?
invent
11
Professor Reinhart decreases / runs the computer lab with her three assistants.
runs
12
There's a lack / an effect of phones in this office. We need some more!
a lack
Exercise D
D Score: 0/8
Choose the correct answer.
1
I _______ across this book about the moon in the library. It's really interesting!
C – came (came across)
2
Jenny pulled _______ the handle so we can't open the cupboard now.
A – off (pulled off)
3
I'd like to find _______ more about being a computer programmer.
D – out (find out)
4
Our car has broken _______ again.
B – down (broken down)
5
Dean was late for physics so he _______ up a story about being attacked by a cat!
D – made (made up)
6
_______ the TV off. This show is boring.
C – Turn (Turn off)
7
I'm going to throw these old shoes _______. I never wear them anymore.
B – away (throw away)
8
I turned _______ the tap but no water came out.
D – on (turned on)
Exercise E
E Score: 0/6
Complete using the words in the box.
chance
end
future
last
opinion
order
1
These toilets have been out of __________ for a week now. When are they going to fix them?
order
2
In my __________, humans will never live on other planets.
opinion
3
Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin by __________. He didn't expect to find it at all.
chance
4
I wonder what new technology will be invented in the __________.
future
5
Helen couldn't get the experiment to work for ages, but in the __________ it was fine.
end
6
It's so nice to have my own computer at __________.
last
Exercise F
F Score: 0/10
Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line.
Mr Thomas
Mr Thomas was a teacher at our school. He'd trained as a (1) __________ and usually taught history. He definitely wasn't a (2) __________, but for some strange reason he taught us (3) __________ for a term. His lessons were always (4) __________, but that was mainly because his experiments always went wrong! If he was supposed to use (5) __________ water for an experiment, Mr Thomas would use cold water by mistake. Once, he was measuring the (6) __________ of some pieces of sodium. I can't remember exactly why he needed this (7) __________, but I think he wanted all the pieces to react (8) __________. As he picked up the ruler, his arm knocked over a jug of water and the sodium caught fire. He almost burnt the lab down and they had to call the fire brigade. I think after that Mr Thomas came to the (9) __________ that he should stick to history! I learnt a lot from him, though. Whenever there was a question in a science (10) __________ about what happens when sodium reacts with water, I always got the answer right!
Words to form from:
1 HISTORY • 2 SCIENCE • 3 CHEMIST • 4 FASCINATE • 5 BOIL • 6 LONG • 7 MEASURE • 8 IDENTICAL • 9 CONCLUDE • 10 EXAMINE
1 HISTORY • 2 SCIENCE • 3 CHEMIST • 4 FASCINATE • 5 BOIL • 6 LONG • 7 MEASURE • 8 IDENTICAL • 9 CONCLUDE • 10 EXAMINE
1
HISTORY →?
historian
2
SCIENCE →?
scientist
3
CHEMIST →?
chemistry
4
FASCINATE →?
fascinating
5
BOIL →?
boiling
6
LONG →?
length
7
MEASURE →?
measurement
8
IDENTICAL →?
identically
9
CONCLUDE →?
conclusion
10
EXAMINE →?
examination
Exercise G
G Score: 0/6
Match to make sentences. Choose the correct ending (A–F) for each sentence beginning (1–6).
A in us having to call the fire brigade.
B to that piece of equipment over there.
C about how to do this experiment.
D between H₂O and H₂SO₄?
E with water?
F of old camping equipment.
B to that piece of equipment over there.
C about how to do this experiment.
D between H₂O and H₂SO₄?
E with water?
F of old camping equipment.
1
What's the difference _______
D – between H₂O and H₂SO₄?
2
This box is full _______
F – of old camping equipment.
3
This resulted _______
A – in us having to call the fire brigade.
4
Connect this cable _______
B – to that piece of equipment over there.
5
I've had an idea _______
C – about how to do this experiment.
6
Could you fill this bottle _______
E – with water?
Exercise H
H Score: 0/6
Write one word in each gap.
1
This program is very different __________ the one you're using at the moment.
from (or to)
2
Let's begin the lesson __________ a short test on the names of the different parts of an insect.
with
3
Disconnect your PC __________ the power supply before you take the case off.
from
4
There are a number __________ different ways of doing this experiment.
of
5
How many types __________ building can you think of?
of
6
What were your reasons __________ choosing to do biology at university?
for
Học tiếp bài khác
Xem tất cả Grammar B1
Thấy chỗ nào chưa đúng trong bài này?
Đáp án sai, lỗi chính tả, nội dung thiếu… hãy đăng nhập rồi báo cho chúng tôi để sửa cho các bạn học sau.