Unit 12: Chance and Nature
Từ vựng Interactive lesson rebuilt from the detected Unit 12 PDF
📘 Giải thích tiếng Việt
Chủ đề: May rủi và Thiên nhiên
Bài gồm hai mảng từ: chance/luck/probability (may rủi, xác suất) và nature/the environment (thiên nhiên, môi trường), với nhiều collocation trình độ cao.
Từ về may rủi & xác suất
coincidence (trùng hợp), superstition (mê tín), lucky charm (bùa may), likelihood/odds (khả năng, tỉ lệ cược), at random (ngẫu nhiên), on the spur of the moment (bột phát), speculate (phỏng đoán), jinxed (bị xui).
Từ về thiên nhiên & môi trường
drought (hạn hán), famine (nạn đói), habitat (môi trường sống), species (loài), scarce (khan hiếm), exploit (khai thác) đối lập appreciate, global warming, natural disaster, erupt/erosion.
Cụm động từ
put down to (quy cho), account for (giải thích nguyên do), die out (tuyệt chủng), dry up (cạn khô), store up (tích trữ), throw away (vứt bỏ), stumble across / come across (tình cờ gặp), doze off (thiu thiu ngủ).
Cụm giới từ & thành ngữ
by chance, by dint of (nhờ vào), a gust of wind, struck by lightning, push your luck (được đằng chân lân đằng đầu), in luck (gặp may), as luck would have it (may thay).
Cấu tạo từ (word formation)
Luyện tạo từ theo họ: conserve → conservation, extinct → extinction, erode → erosion, occur → occurrence.
Topic vocabulary: Chance
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Global warming
There has been a steady rise in the average temperature around the planet over the last hundred years or so, and the majority of scientists put it (1) to human activity. The solution, they claim, is to cut (2) our consumption of fossil fuels, which produce the carbon dioxide that drives global warming. However, some scientists argue that the historical evidence shows that over time the Earth heats (3) and cools (4) naturally. According to them, we should just continue to get (5) the fossil fuels that are available and find alternatives when they run out.Whatever the cause of global warming, the increase in temperature is undeniable. It is predicted that over the next few decades many species will die (6) as once fertile areas turn to desert. Seas will rise in some areas and rivers will dry (7) in other areas, killing (8) animal and plant life that rely on them. It looks like this debate will only get more intense.
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Earthquake prediction
If you were to hazard a (1) at when and where the next major earthquake will strike, there's (2) chance that you'd be almost as accurate as the experts. The science of earthquake prediction is still in its infancy, which is uncomfortable, considering the threat posed (3) human civilisation. Even with vast resources at (4) disposal, often the best that scientists can do is say that (5) odds are that an earthquake will strike where one occurred before. One reason the chances (6) making an accurate prediction are so low is the nature (7) the forces involved. It seems to be impossible to tell the difference between a small earthquake and a warning tremor. Scientists need to decide whether to put lives at (8) by not issuing a warning, or constantly issue warnings about the threat (9) an earthquake that may be ignored. In the end, the odds seem to be (10) solving this difficult problem any time soon.KNot started
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• I'm surprised you ______ the test so difficult after all that revision.
• After wandering in the forest for an hour, Gale finally ______ her way out.
• It's only human ______ to want to acquire more wealth.
• I'm quite a calm person by ______, but things like this make me really angry.
• Excuse me, but are you Mr Whitehouse, by any ______?
• I mean it – this is your last ______ and next time you make a mistake, you're out.
• According to the ______ forecast, we're in for thunderstorms.
• We've had some really awful ______ lately, haven't we?
• The assistant said that I was in ______ and that they only had one pair left but they were my size.
• You've won by betting on red the last three times, but don't push your ______!
• As it ______, we can cancel the demonstration because the council have changed their mind.
• When a freak storm ______, we are not always given any warning of it.
• The press are ______ to find out about this, and then it'll be all over the papers.
• A ______ Mr Pratt rang this afternoon about your donation to the WWF.
• Don't ask me to ______ at her age as I'd be miles out.
• You'd never ______ they were married from the way they act in public, would you?
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'Yes, she does seem to have been rather lately, doesn't she?'
'Yes, I think we should just and see what happens.'
'It must have been a real shock when he turned up after all these years.'
'Oh, yes. You know him. He's there .'
'I don't know. It was just , I guess.'
'Well, it's not easy to predict that kind of , is it?'
'Me neither. There seems to be to it.'
'Well, I , so I'm staying in while the others go out.'
'The weather should be good, .'
'Thanks. Yes, I suppose I've always .'
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WWF
The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) has been involved in (1) (CONSERVE) since its foundation in 1961. Its (2) (INTEND) has always been to protect (3) (WILD) against the effects of human activity. Working very closely with both expert (4) (ECOLOGY) and ordinary local people, the organisation aims to help those animals (5) (THREAT) by the destruction of habitats. Economic growth and tourism force some species to the brink of (6) (EXTINCT). (7) (FORTUNE), the WWF work hard to ensure that animals such as the giant panda will (8) (PROBABLE) survive for a few more years yet. Refusing to accept that the problems are (9) (MOUNT), the WWF works tirelessly on a (10) (SEEM) never-ending list of projects, all of which help to protect the diversity of life on Earth.ONot started
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Global warming
Global warming
There has been a steady rise in the average temperature around the planet over the last hundred years or so, and the majority of scientists put it (1) to human activity. The solution, they claim, is to cut (2) our consumption of fossil fuels, which produce the carbon dioxide that drives global warming. However, some scientists argue that the historical evidence shows that over time the Earth heats (3) and cools (4) naturally. According to them, we should just continue to get (5) the fossil fuels that are available and find alternatives when they run out.Whatever the cause of global warming, the increase in temperature is undeniable. It is predicted that over the next few decades many species will die (6) as once fertile areas turn to desert. Seas will rise in some areas and rivers will dry (7) in other areas, killing (8) animal and plant life that rely on them. It looks like this debate will only get more intense.
GNot started
GNot started
HNot started
HNot started
INot started
INot started
Earthquake prediction
Earthquake prediction
If you were to hazard a (1) at when and where the next major earthquake will strike, there's (2) chance that you'd be almost as accurate as the experts. The science of earthquake prediction is still in its infancy, which is uncomfortable, considering the threat posed (3) human civilisation. Even with vast resources at (4) disposal, often the best that scientists can do is say that (5) odds are that an earthquake will strike where one occurred before. One reason the chances (6) making an accurate prediction are so low is the nature (7) the forces involved. It seems to be impossible to tell the difference between a small earthquake and a warning tremor. Scientists need to decide whether to put lives at (8) by not issuing a warning, or constantly issue warnings about the threat (9) an earthquake that may be ignored. In the end, the odds seem to be (10) solving this difficult problem any time soon.KNot started
KNot started
LNot started
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• I'm surprised you ______ the test so difficult after all that revision.
• After wandering in the forest for an hour, Gale finally ______ her way out.
• It's only human ______ to want to acquire more wealth.
• I'm quite a calm person by ______, but things like this make me really angry.
• Excuse me, but are you Mr Whitehouse, by any ______?
• I mean it – this is your last ______ and next time you make a mistake, you're out.
• According to the ______ forecast, we're in for thunderstorms.
• We've had some really awful ______ lately, haven't we?
• The assistant said that I was in ______ and that they only had one pair left but they were my size.
• You've won by betting on red the last three times, but don't push your ______!
• As it ______, we can cancel the demonstration because the council have changed their mind.
• When a freak storm ______, we are not always given any warning of it.
• The press are ______ to find out about this, and then it'll be all over the papers.
• A ______ Mr Pratt rang this afternoon about your donation to the WWF.
• Don't ask me to ______ at her age as I'd be miles out.
• You'd never ______ they were married from the way they act in public, would you?
MNot started
MNot started
'Yes, she does seem to have been rather lately, doesn't she?'
'Yes, I think we should just and see what happens.'
'It must have been a real shock when he turned up after all these years.'
'Oh, yes. You know him. He's there .'
'I don't know. It was just , I guess.'
'Well, it's not easy to predict that kind of , is it?'
'Me neither. There seems to be to it.'
'Well, I , so I'm staying in while the others go out.'
'The weather should be good, .'
'Thanks. Yes, I suppose I've always .'
