Unit 4: Present perfect simple, present perfect continuous
Ngữ pháp Present perfect simple, present perfect continuous
📘 Giải thích tiếng Việt
Present perfect simple (have/has + V3)
Hình thức: have/has + past participle (I've learnt, She has gone). Cách dùng: diễn tả sự việc bắt đầu trong quá khứ và còn đúng đến hiện tại, hành động đã hoàn thành nhưng không nói rõ thời điểm, hoặc nhấn mạnh kết quả ở hiện tại. Ví dụ: I've already read that book.
Dấu hiệu nhận biết: for, since, just, already, yet, ever, never, it's the first time. Lưu ý: khi nói RÕ thời điểm trong quá khứ thì dùng quá khứ đơn, không dùng hiện tại hoàn thành (I did my homework last night).
Present perfect continuous (have/has + been + V-ing)
Hình thức: have/has + been + V-ing. Cách dùng: hành động kéo dài đến hiện tại hoặc vừa mới dừng, nhấn mạnh quá trình và khoảng thời gian thực hiện. Ví dụ: I've been studying for three hours.
Phân biệt hai thì: dạng hoàn thành đơn nhấn mạnh kết quả (She's written an article = đã viết xong), còn dạng hoàn thành tiếp diễn nhấn mạnh hành động (She's been writing an article = đang viết, chưa xong).
Theory
Present perfect simple (have/has + past participle)
| Form | Example |
|---|---|
| statement | I/you/we/they have ('ve) learnt... He/she/it has ('s) learnt... |
| negative | I/you/we/they have not (haven't) learnt... He/she/it has not (hasn't) learnt... |
| question | Have I/you/we/they learnt...? Has he/she/it learnt...? |
Use
| Use | Example | Helpful hints |
|---|---|---|
| Situations that started in the past and are still true | Mrs Jenkins has been the head teacher for three years. | The present perfect simple is often used with the following words and phrases: • for • since • just • already • yet • ever • never • it's the first time |
| Completed actions at a time in the past which is not mentioned | I've already read that book. | |
| Completed actions where the important thing is the result now | They've all done their homework. |
• We don't use the present perfect simple when we want to say when something happened in the past. We use the past simple.
✓ I did my homework last night.
• We don't use the past simple when we want to show that something happened before now or is still important now. We use the present perfect simple.
✓ I've finished! Can I go home now?
Present perfect continuous (have/has + been + -ing)
| Form | Example |
|---|---|
| statement | I/you/we/they have ('ve) been studying... He/she/it has ('s) been studying... |
| negative | I/you/we/they have not (haven't) been studying... He/she/it has not (hasn't) been studying... |
| question | Have I/you/we/they been studying...? Has he/she/it been studying...? |
Use
| Use | Example | Helpful hints |
|---|---|---|
| Actions continuing up to now or just before now | We've been doing grammar exercises for over an hour. Can we have a break now? They're having a break now because they've been working so hard. |
The present perfect continuous is often used with the following words: • for (I've been learning English for over three years.) • since (He's been learning Chinese since 2004.) • just (I've just been reading the school newspaper.) |
• The present perfect simple often emphasises the result of an action:
✓ She's written an article for the school newspaper. (= She's finished it.)
• The present perfect continuous often emphasises the action, and the time spent on the action, rather than the result:
✓ She's been writing an article for the school newspaper. (= She's started, but she hasn't finished it yet.)
Exercise A
Complete using the correct present perfect simple form of the verbs in brackets.
Exercise B
Choose the correct answer.
Exercise C
Look at the picture and use the prompts to write sentences. Use the correct form of the present perfect simple.
Exercise D
Complete using the correct present perfect continuous form of the verbs in brackets. Use short forms where possible.
Mandy: Hi Matt. How are you? What (1) (you/do) recently?
Matt: Oh, hi Mandy! Well, (2) (I/study) for my exams.
Mandy: That sounds boring! (3) (you/work) hard?
Matt: Very! Basically, (4) (I/just/sit) at my desk in my bedroom for the past three weeks and (5) (I/not/go) out at all. (6) (I/work) with Michael, my best friend, some of the time, though, so at least I've had some company. How about you?
Mandy: Well, my mum and (7) (I/paint) my bedroom for the last few days. That has been fun! And (8) (we/also / plan) our summer holiday.
Matt: Great! Where are you going?
Mandy: Well, we haven't decided yet. (9) (We/look) at different places to see which we like best. (10) (I/think) of having a party when I finish my exams. Would you like to come?
Mandy: Sure! That would be great!
2. I've been studying
3. Have you been working
4. I've just been sitting
5. I haven't been going
6. I've been working
7. I've been painting
8. we've also been planning
9. We've been looking
10. I've been thinking
Exercise E
Circle the correct word or phrase.
Exercise F
Complete using the words in the box.
