Unit 28: Work and business
Từ vựng Work and business
📘 Giải thích tiếng Việt
Chủ đề: Work and business
Bài mở rộng từ vựng về công việc, tuyển dụng và kinh doanh, tập trung các cặp từ dễ nhầm. Phân biệt: job (công việc cụ thể) / work (việc nói chung) / career (sự nghiệp); wage(s) (lương trả theo giờ/tuần) / salary (lương tháng) / pay (thù lao nói chung); earn (kiếm được do làm việc) / win (thắng) / gain (đạt thêm); fire / sack (đuổi việc do lỗi) vs make redundant (cho nghỉ do dôi dư); raise (nâng, ngoại động từ) vs rise (tăng, nội động từ).
Phrasal verbs
set up = thành lập (doanh nghiệp); take on = tuyển dụng / nhận thêm việc; take over = tiếp quản; close down = đóng cửa (công ty); back out = rút lui khỏi cam kết; turn down = từ chối; stand in for = làm thay ai; see to = lo liệu, xử lý.
Collocations quan trọng
Học theo cụm giới từ: come to / reach an agreement (on sth), make a decision (to do), make/take a decision (about sth), make an effort (to do) / put effort into sth, have/gain experience in/of sth, on / off duty, do business with sb, on business, make a complaint (about sth) (to sb).
Theory
Topic vocabulary in contrast
| employer / employee / staff | wage(s) / salary / pay | overtime / promotion / pension |
| job / work / career | commute / deliver | company / firm / business |
| earn / win / gain | retire / resign | union / charity |
| raise / rise | fire / sack / make redundant |
Phrasal verbs
| back out | decide not to do sth you agreed to do |
| bring out | produce and start to sell a new product |
| close down | stop operating (for companies) |
| see through (to) | continue (or help to continue) to the end of sth unpleasant or difficult |
| see to | deal with |
| set out | start working on sth in order to achieve an aim |
| set up | start (a business, organisation, etc) |
| slow down | decrease speed |
| speed up | increase speed |
| stand in for | do sb's job for them while they are not available |
| take on | start to employ; accept (work or responsibility) |
| take over | take control of (a business, etc) |
| turn down | not accept (an offer, request, etc) |
Phrases and collocations
| agreement | come to/reach (an) agreement (on/about sth); in agreement (on/about/with) sth |
| arrangement | make an arrangement (with/for sb) (to do); have an arrangement (with sb) (to do) |
| business | do business (with sb); in business; go somewhere on business; business trip; small business; big business |
| complaint | have/make a complaint (about sth) (to sb); letter of complaint (to sb) (about sth) |
| day | have/take/get a day off; day job; day trip; day by day; the other/next day |
| decision | make/take a decision (to do sth); come to/reach/make a decision (about sth) |
| duty | do one's duty; a sense of duty; on/off duty; have a duty to sb/to do |
| effort | make an effort (to do); put effort into sth/doing |
| experience | have an experience; have/gain/get experience in/of sth/doing; experienced in/at doing |
| hold | put/keep sb on hold; hold on (to sth); hold sth |
| interest | have/take/express an interest in sth/doing; in your interest to do; earn/get/pay interest |
| interview | have/go to/attend an interview; job interview |
| job | do a job; have a job (to do); apply for a job; take/get a job; in a job |
| work | do some work; have work to do; go to work; at work; work hard; out of work; place of work |
Word patterns
| absent from sth | good for sb (to do sth); good at sth/doing; good to sb |
| apply for sth; apply in writing | qualify as/in sth |
| attach sth to sth; attached to sth | responsible for sth/doing |
| begin doing/to do/sth; begin by doing | specialise in sth/doing |
| depend on sth/sb | train to do |
| experienced in/at sth/doing | work as/at/in sth; work for sb |
Word formation
| add added, addition, additional(ly) | help (un)helpful(ly), helpless(ly), helping, helper | profession (un)professional(ly) |
| apply (in)applicable, applied, applicant, application | industry industrial(ly), industrious(ly) | qualify (un)qualified, qualifying, qualification |
| commerce commercial(ly) | machine machinery | responsible irresponsible, (ir)responsibly, (ir)responsibility |
| dedicate dedicated, dedication | manage managing, management, manager | supervise supervision, supervisor |
| effect (in)effective(ly) | meet met, meeting | work working, (un)workable, worker, works |
| employ (un)employed, (un)employable, (un)employment, employer, employee |
Exercise A
Circle the correct word.
Exercise B
Complete using the correct form of the words in the box.
Exercise C
Write one word in each gap.
It just takes hard work and commitment
Entrepreneur Jane Dickson describes how she got started
I was working as an IT Manager for a small publishing company (in fact, I was standing (1) for the actual manager while she was away on maternity leave) when the company was taken (2) by a large multinational media organisation. It was in the depths of the recession, and initially our new owners promised to see our small company (3) the hard times. Things got worse, though, and they finally backed (4) of their agreement. Our company closed (5) . We were all made redundant – it was horrible!
I wasn't sure what I wanted to do next. I (6) down several offers of work as I didn't want to rush into anything. Then, one day, I woke up and thought: 'I'm going to set (7) my own business!' At first it was tough. I had to (8) to everything myself – I was the only employee! – but I set (9) it with dedication and refused to give up, whatever happened. Over the last five years, as the company's grown, I've taken (10) more and more staff. Dickson's now employs over five hundred people! I set (11) to be successful, and I've managed it. I feel very lucky, although, to be honest, luck has nothing to do with it. It just takes hard work and commitment. I don't feel satisfied yet, though. We're bringing (12) new products all the time, and I want to continue doing that. I also want to speed (13) our production process to make it more efficient. I'm not planning to slow (14) any time soon!
Exercise D
Match to make sentences.
Exercise E
Write one word in each gap.
Exercise F
Choose the correct answer.
Exercise G
Cross out the incorrect word in each sentence and write the correct word on the line.
Exercise H
Complete the sentences by changing the form of the word in capitals when this is necessary.
Exercise I
Complete the text by changing the form of the word in brackets.
Job fairs
Although a certain percentage of graduates will still be (1) (employ) six months after leaving university, the majority will have found (2) (employ) by then. Many of these will even have been offered a job while at university, as a result of visiting a job fair. Job fairs are held at many universities each year. Companies come along to advertise jobs, which are usually in (3) (manage), and the career structures and benefit packages that go with them. Job fairs are an (4) (effect) way for undergraduates to find out what kind of job they might be interested in.
If you go to a job fair, dress (5) (profession). Don't wear jeans and a T-shirt. Wear a suit! You don't want to look (6) (responsible) when you have your first (7) (meet) with your potential (8) (employ). If you're interested in a job on offer, you may have to fill out an (9) (apply) form, so it's (10) (help) to take along relevant information with you. You'll also need proof of all your (11) (qualify), so don't forget to take photocopies of all your certificates with you.
