Unit 22: Money and shopping
Từ vựng Money and shopping
📘 Giải thích tiếng Việt
Chủ đề: Money and shopping (tiền bạc & mua sắm)
Bài này tập trung vào các từ dễ nhầm và cách kết hợp từ (collocation) về tiền bạc, mua sắm. Chú ý các cặp đối lập: economic (thuộc kinh tế) vs economical (tiết kiệm); price/cost (giá) vs bill/receipt (hoá đơn); refund (hoàn tiền) vs exchange (đổi hàng); bargain (món hời) vs sale (đợt giảm giá).
Phrasal verbs quan trọng
get by = xoay xở đủ sống; put by / save up = để dành tiền; come into = được thừa kế; do without = sống thiếu thứ gì đó; make up for = bù đắp; bank on = trông cậy vào; come across = tình cờ thấy/gặp.
Collocation & word patterns
Nhớ theo cụm: in debt (mắc nợ), clear a debt (trả hết nợ), in/on demand (được ưa chuộng/theo yêu cầu), cost a fortune (rất đắt), at least (ít nhất). Cấu trúc động từ: spend sth on sth/doing, charge sb for sth, lend sth to sb, afford to do.
Word formation - họ từ
Luyện chuyển loại từ cùng gốc: economy → economic, economical, economist; finance → financial, finances; value → valuable, invaluable, valuation; wealth → wealthy.
Theory
Topic vocabulary in contrast
| economic / economical | discount / offer | till / checkout |
| receipt / bill | price / cost | products / goods |
| make / brand | change / cash | refund / exchange |
| bargain / sale | wealth / fortune | fake / plastic |
Phrasal verbs
| bank on | depend on sth happening |
| come across | find sth or meet sb by chance |
| come by | get sth, especially sth that is hard to get |
| come into | inherit |
| do without | live without (sth you can't afford) |
| get by | manage to survive (financially) |
| get through | use all of; finish |
| give away | give free of charge; reveal sth you are trying to hide |
| live on | use as a source of money |
| look round | examine (a place) |
| make out | write all the necessary information on a cheque, etc |
| make up for | provide sth good, so that sth bad seems less important |
| put by | save an amount of money for the future |
| save up (for) | save money little by little (for a specific purpose) |
Phrases and collocations
| amount | an amount of sth; in large/small/etc amounts; amount to |
| charge | charge sb (an amount of money); pay a charge; take charge (of sth/doing); in charge (of sth/doing) |
| debt | in debt (to sb); get in/into debt; clear a debt; owe sb a debt of gratitude |
| demand | in demand; on demand; a demand for sth |
| enough | have enough (of sth); have enough sth (to do); enough is enough |
| expense | at sb's/your own expense; go to the expense of; business expense; expense account |
| fortune | make/earn/win/spend a fortune; cost (you) a fortune; make your fortune |
| increase | an increase in sth (of a certain amount); a wage/price increase |
| least | at least; at the very least; last but not least; to say the least |
| money | make/earn/win/save/have money; spend money (on sth/doing); short of money; do sth for the money |
| notice | notice sb doing/do; take notice of sth; at short notice; give sb notice of |
| profit | make a profit (from sth) |
| save | save money/time; save sth for later |
| shopping | do the shopping; go shopping; shopping centre; window shopping |
Word patterns
| afford to do | forget to do; forget doing; forget about sth/doing; forget if/whether |
| argue with sb; argue about sth/doing; argue that | lend sth to sb; lend sb sth |
| beg sb (for sth); beg sb to do | pay sb (for sth/doing); pay sth (to sb) |
| belong to sb/sth | profit from sth/doing |
| borrow sth (from sb) | save sb from sth/doing; save sth (for sth/sb) |
| charge sb (for sth/doing) | spend sth (on sth/sb/doing) |
| demand sth (from sb); demand that |
Word formation
| accept acceptance, accepting, (un)acceptable, (un)acceptably | expense (in)expensive(ly), expenses | poor poorly, poverty |
| assist assistance, assistant | finance financial(ly), finances | real unreal, really, realise, realisation, reality, realistic(ally) |
| day daily, everyday | invest investment, investor | value (in)valuable, (in)valuably, valueless, valuation |
| economy economic, (un)economical(ly), economics, economist | luxury luxuries, luxurious(ly) | wealth wealthy |
| end endless(ly), ending, unending | pay paid, payment, payable |
Exercise A
Circle the correct word.
Exercise B
Complete the crossword.
Across
Down
Exercise C
Complete using the correct form of the phrasal verbs in the box.
Exercise D
Write one word in each gap.
A lucky find
When I was young, we always had to do (1) a lot of things that other kids had. We lived (2) my dad's wage, which wasn't much, but we managed to get (3) . If we needed anything, we would (4) up for it, but there was never very much for luxuries. Then, one day, I was helping my mum clean out my great-aunt's attic after she died when we came (5) my great-aunt's will! In it, she had left all her money to my mum, and my great-aunt had been very rich! We had suddenly come (6) a fortune! Life changed after that, I can tell you. We bought a new house and a new car and went on a great holiday to (7) up for all the times we hadn't been able to afford it. They say money isn't everything, but having money is a lot more fun than not having it!
Exercise E
Complete each second sentence using the word given, so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Write between two and five words in each gap.
What about later?
Did your mum when she sold her business?
There is this type of bank account.
I didn't want Sue, so I didn't borrow any money.
A nice engagement ring like that must , Jim!
There has been an 3% this year.
You won't have any money if you keep CDs.
Don't go hiring a limousine at the airport.
They £50 for breaking the vase in the shop!
The bank lost in the robbery.
I don't have on holiday this year.
I succeeded through hard work, clever decisions and, , luck.
The shopkeeper didn't a packet of crisps.
I'll go and and you start cooking.
Exercise F
Match to make sentences.
Exercise G
Write one word in each gap.
FINANCIAL CRISIS?
Europe is heading for a financial crisis, or so some analysts believe. Although we are spending more money (1) luxury items and recreation than ever before, it is often money we have borrowed (2) a bank. Banks are willing to lend more and more money (3) us because they profit (4) it by charging us interest. We are spending money that doesn't really belong (5) us, and few of us save much (6) our old age.
Exercise H
Each of the words in bold is in the wrong form. Rewrite them correctly.
