Unit 26: Comparatives and superlatives
Ngữ pháp Comparatives and superlatives
📘 Giải thích tiếng Việt
So sánh hơn (Comparatives)
Dùng khi so sánh hai người/vật/hành động khác nhau, thường theo sau bởi than. Tính từ ngắn (1 âm tiết): thêm -er (hard → harder); tận cùng -e thêm -r; nguyên âm + phụ âm thì gấp đôi phụ âm (big → bigger); tận cùng -y đổi thành -ier (pretty → prettier). Tính từ dài (2+ âm tiết) dùng more/less + tính từ.
So sánh nhất (Superlatives)
Dùng khi so sánh một thành viên với cả nhóm, thường có the đứng trước. Tính từ ngắn thêm -est (hard → the hardest); tận cùng -y thành -iest (pretty → the prettiest). Tính từ dài dùng most/least + tính từ.
Dạng bất quy tắc
Cần học thuộc: good → better → best; bad → worse → worst; little → less → least; much/many → more → most; far → farther/further → farthest/furthest. Với trạng từ: well → better, badly → worse.
So sánh với trạng từ
Trạng từ đuôi -ly dùng more/most (carefully → more carefully). Ví dụ: My day is longer than before.
Tổng điểm: 0/52
Theory
Comparatives
To compare things/people/actions that are different.
| Type | Adjective | Rule | Comparative |
|---|---|---|---|
| one syllable | hard | + -er | harder |
| ending in -e | late | + -r | later |
| vowel + consonant | big | double last letter + -er | bigger |
| ending in -y | pretty | -y → -ier | prettier |
| two or more syllables | interesting | more/less + adjective | more/less interesting |
| irregular | good / bad / little / far / many / much | better / worse / less / farther·further / more / more |
| Adverb type | Adverb | Comparative |
|---|---|---|
| regular | carefully | more/less carefully |
| irregular | well / badly / near / late / fast / far / early | better / worse / nearer / later / faster / farther·further / earlier |
Helpful hints
The comparative form is often followed by than.
✓ My working day is longer than it used to be.
The comparative form is often followed by than.
✓ My working day is longer than it used to be.
Superlatives
To compare one member of a group with the whole group.
| Type | Adjective | Rule | Superlative |
|---|---|---|---|
| one syllable | hard | + -est | hardest |
| ending in -e | late | + -st | latest |
| vowel + consonant | big | double last letter + -est | biggest |
| ending in -y | pretty | -y → -iest | prettiest |
| two or more syllables | interesting | most/least + adjective | most/least interesting |
| irregular | good / bad / little / far / many / much | best / worst / least / farthest·furthest / most / most |
| Adverb type | Adverb | Superlative |
|---|---|---|
| regular | carefully | most/least carefully |
| irregular | well / badly / near / late / fast / far / early | best / worst / nearest / latest / fastest / farthest·furthest / earliest |
Helpful hints
We usually use the before the superlative form.
✓ Today was the worst day since I started working there.
We usually use the before the superlative form.
✓ Today was the worst day since I started working there.
Exercise A
A Score: 0/10
Complete using the comparative form of the words in brackets.
1
Wait! Your bicycle is _______ (fast) than mine!
faster
2
Phew! It's much _______ (hot) than it was yesterday, isn't it?
hotter
3
I think you look _______ (pretty) when you wear your hair up.
prettier
4
The price of batteries has gone up. They're a lot _______ (expensive) than last time.
more expensive
5
Angus hasn't been practising the piano and he's got a lot _______ (bad).
worse
6
His new film is much _______ (entertaining) than his last one. I loved that one!
more entertaining
7
Tell us another joke – but a _______ (short) one this time! That one took forever!
shorter
8
I didn't win the lottery. Maybe I'll be _______ (lucky) next time.
luckier
9
The Russian athlete threw the discus _______ (far) than all the others and won gold.
farther / further
10
I think these biscuits are even _______ (nice) than the last ones you made!
nicer
Exercise B
B Score: 0/8
The words in bold in each sentence are wrong. Write the correct word.
1
We lost the match because we played badly than the other team did.
worse
2
It rains a lot in England, so the countryside is a lot green than in Greece.
greener
3
You gave Sarah a really small piece of cake – and you've given me even little!
less
4
I must have lost weight. These jeans seem large than they were before.
larger
5
I got to the party early than everyone else, so I had to wait.
earlier
6
I hear her new CD is good than her last one. What do you think?
better
7
Our cat seems to be getting fat every day – maybe she should go on a diet!
fatter
8
I'm disappointed. I think you could have done a lot well on this test.
better
Exercise C
C Score: 0/8
Rewrite the sentences using the correct comparative form of the words in the box.
badbeautifulconfidentfat
happynear (to)shortyoung
1
Joshua is much taller than Alex.
Alex is _______.
Alex is _______.
much shorter than Joshua
2
Theresa is more confident than Amy.
Amy is a lot _______.
Amy is a lot _______.
less confident than Theresa
3
Your house is further from the school than mine.
My house is _______.
My house is _______.
nearer to the school than yours
4
Jude is less happy than Andy about the decision.
Andy is _______.
Andy is _______.
happier than Jude about the decision
5
Bill is thinner than Simon.
Simon is _______.
Simon is _______.
fatter than Bill
6
Terry is older than Sarah-Jane.
Sarah-Jane is _______.
Sarah-Jane is _______.
younger than Terry
7
Patricia is better than her sister on the clarinet.
Patricia's sister is _______.
Patricia's sister is _______.
worse than Patricia on the clarinet
8
The houses here are uglier than in my grandparents' village.
The houses in my grandparents' village are _______.
The houses in my grandparents' village are _______.
more beautiful than the houses here
Exercise D
D Score: 0/8
Complete using the correct form of the words in the box.
badbigfarfunny
hardkindscarytasty
1
This really is the _______ song I've ever heard! It's terrible!
worst
2
Ivy is the _______ woman I know. She'll do anything for anybody.
kindest
3
Listen! I promise you, this is the _______ joke ever! Well, a man goes into a shop …
funniest
4
Mmm! This is the _______ soup you've made so far.
tastiest
5
What's the _______ thing about English grammar for you?
hardest
6
Ben appeared and he was carrying the _______ present I'd ever seen. It was huge!
biggest
7
We had a competition to see who could swim the _______.
farthest / furthest
8
Sandra told us the _______ ghost story she could, and it was really frightening!
scariest
Exercise E
E Score: 0/8
Complete using the correct form of the words in brackets.
I think this is the (1) _______ (bad) job I've ever had. My last job was much (2) _______ (good) than this one. I had a lot (3) _______ (little) work there and my boss was really nice. My boss here is the (4) _______ (strict) in the whole firm, and the working day is (5) _______ (long) than in my last job, too. The (6) _______ (good) thing about it is that the office is (7) _______ (close) to my house than the old one. At least now I get home (8) _______ (early) than I used to.
1
the _______ (bad) job
worst
2
much _______ (good) than this one
better
3
a lot _______ (little) work
less
4
the _______ (strict) in the whole firm
strictest
5
the working day is _______ (long)
longer
6
The _______ (good) thing about it
best
7
the office is _______ (close) to my house
closer
8
I get home _______ (early) than I used to
earlier
Exercise F
F Score: 0/10
Complete using the correct form of the words in the box.
cleandirtyfast
oldslowlyyoung
1
'I walk _______ than him.'
more slowly
2
'I walk the _______ of all.'
most slowly
3
'I'm the _______ pigeon.'
dirtiest
4
'I'm _______ than they are.'
cleaner
5
'I'm the _______ pigeon.'
cleanest
6
'I ran _______ of all.'
fastest
7
'I ran _______ than everyone except him.'
faster
8
'They both ran _______ than me.'
faster
9
'I'm the _______ in the family.'
oldest
10
'And I'm the _______.'
youngest
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